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A Study on Child Welfare Laws and Legislation in Finland
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핀란드의 아동복지 법제에 관한 고찰

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Type
Academic journal
Author
Kim Tae-Hwan (국회사무처)
Journal
한국사회법학회 사회법연구 사회법연구 제38호 KCI Accredited Journals
Published
2019.1
Pages
35 - 64 (30page)

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A Study on Child Welfare Laws and Legislation in Finland
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The purpose of this study is to review child welfare laws and legislation in Finland where advanced policies on child welfare are implemented and to draw implications for child welfare system in South Korea, based on such reviews. First, the Constitution of Finland states the provisions related to children. Finland has exerted efforts to protect children in various areas, and specifically deals with child welfare and protection when prescribing equality and freedom of expression and right. This clearly gives some implications to South Korea where the amendments to the Constitution is under discussion. Second, the Child Welfare Act in Finland provides for seven considerations on evaluating benefits to children among the principles on child welfare. However, the Child Welfare Act in South Korea briefly states that “In all activities concerning children, the interest of children shall be considered, among others.” This is an abstract provision without handling criteria for evaluating benefits to children. Thus, South Korea needs to establish specific criteria related to such evaluation. Third, under the Child Welfare Act in Finland, the child’s wishes and views must be ascertained, showing that Finland significantly considers the views of children who are the beneficiary of child welfare. In addition, in child welfare cases, children of 12 years of age or more have an opportunity to express their views and are entitled to be heard in their child welfare cases. Comparing with these process, the Child Welfare Act in South Korea recognizes children’s right to express their views only in the provisions regarding parental authority or guardians. Against this background, more comprehensive provisions are needed to be supplemented. Fourth, Finland protects children’s right to hear by allowing children to be heard in person by administrative courts or the Supreme Administrative Court if a child requests it or consents to it. It also has the provisions related to free legal support to children who have little knowledge in laws, such as appointing a legal advisor for a child by an administrative court or the Supreme Administrative Court, if necessary. However, South Korea provides such support only to children victimized by child abuse. Like the cases in Finland, South Korea needs to enact the provisions for providing supports to all the cases related to children, such as legal advice or representation of lawsuits.

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