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논문 기본 정보

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학술저널
저자정보
사문선 (기초과학연구원) 이정무 (KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University) Park Mingu Gordon (Institute for Basic Science) 임지운 (기초과학연구원) Kim Jong Min Joseph (Department of Molecular Biology Dankook University Cheonan) 고우현 (Center for Cognition and Sociality Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon) 윤보은 (단국대학교) 이창준 (KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University Seoul 02841 KoreaCent)
저널정보
한국뇌신경과학회 Experimental Neurobiology Experimental Neurobiology Vol.31 No.3
발행연도
2022.6
수록면
147 - 157 (11page)
DOI
10.5607/en22014

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The principal inhibitory transmitter, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), is critical for maintaining hypothalamic homeostasis and released from neurons phasically, as well as from astrocytes tonically. Although astrocytes in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) of the hypothalamus are shown to transform into reactive astrocytes, the tonic inhibition by astrocytic GABA has not been adequately investigated in diet-induced obesity (DIO). Here, we investigated the expression of monoamine oxidase- B (MAOB), a GABA-synthesizing enzyme, in reactive astrocytes in obese mice. We observed that a chronic high-fat diet (HFD) significantly increased astrocytic MAOB and cellular GABA content, along with enhanced hypertrophy of astrocytes in the ARC. Unexpectedly, we found that the level of tonic GABA was unaltered in chronic HFD mice using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in the ARC. Furthermore, the GABA-induced current was increased with elevated GABAA receptor α5 (GABRA5) expression. Surprisingly, we found that a nonselective GABA transporter (GAT) inhibitor, nipecotic acid (NPA)-induced current was significantly increased in chronic HFD mice. We observed that GAT1 inhibitor, NO711-induced current was significantly increased, whereas GAT3 inhibitor, SNAP5114-induced current was not altered. The unexpected unaltered tonic inhibition was due to an increase of GABA clearance in the ARC by neuronal GAT1 rather than astrocytic GAT3. These results imply that increased astrocytic GABA synthesis and neuronal GABAA receptor were compensated by GABA clearance, resulting in unaltered tonic GABA inhibition in the ARC of the hypothalamus in obese mice. Taken together, GABA-related molecular pathways in the ARC dynamically regulate the tonic inhibition to maintain hypothalamic homeostasis against the HFD challenge.

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