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자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
윤혜준 (연세대학교)
저널정보
한국고전중세르네상스영문학회 고전중세르네상스영문학 밀턴과 근세영문학 제25권 제1호
발행연도
2015.5
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1 - 24 (24page)

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The Geneva Bible, although gradually superseded by the King James Bible in the 17th century, was a highly popular and influential publication, whose uniqueness is most poignantly captured by its dense marginal notes that sought to supplement the Scripture with the translators’ commentaries. The prefatory epistle to the Geneva Bible justifies this bold and problematic intrusion―for the amalgamation of notes to the main text on the same page at once implements and undermines the Reformation slogan of “sola scriptura”―as needful elucidation of “all the hard places” in the Bible. Yet the repeated usage of the term “tyrant” and “tyranny” in the marginal notes suggests that the actual intention or effect of filling the margins of the revealed Word (believed to have been authored by the Holy Spirit) with human words was more complicated. Most of the 64 appearances of the word “tyrant” in the notes to the Old Testament books are often gratuitous generalization appended to a fairly factual narrative account of the evil deeds or intents of the powerful figures and kings, which have nothing particularly abstruse or mysterious about it. The notes employing the terms “tyrant” and “tyranny” typically analyze how tyrants behave or suggest what can or should be done about such tyrants. The latter issue was bound to be highly contentious, since the Geneva glosses at times clearly advocate active resistance to political oppression. Such seditious implications went beyond not only the traditional Catholic stance on political authority but jarred against the sentiments of the monarch who initiated the King James Bible, whose mission it was to replace the offending Geneva. The Geneva Bible’s preoccupation with “tyrant” and “tyranny” finds an amplified echo in the writings of those involved in the translation project such as Christopher Goodman and John Knox. In the King James Bible, the words “tyrant” and “tyranny” were cut off entirely, and the format of filling the margins with explanatory notes was thrown overboard. They were revived, however, in all possible collocations and contexts, during the Interregnum. The Restoration put a lid on the discourse of tyranny, only to see its resurgence during the Glorious Revolution, and in the next century, during the American Revolution. The emergence of “tyrant” and “tyranny” as important key words of political discourse in the marginalia of the Geneva Bible, then, have to be given their proper credit as a significant first stage in the evolution of the political discourse of liberalism. As such it should stand as one clear evidence attesting to the often ignored kinship ties between the Reformation and the Enlightenment.

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