中國의 中古音은 각 시기별 音韻變化가 있었고, 中國의 南北朝시대부터 당나라시대까지 큰 변화가 있었다. 변화에 따른 音韻變化를 聲母의 音系別로 분류하여 고찰한다. 牙音系- 見母(k), 溪母(kh), 群母(g), 疑母(ŋ) 喉音系- 影母(ʔ), 曉母(h), 匣母(ɦ), 于母("∅), 喩母("j) 淸字인 見母와 次淸字인 溪母는 中古音에서 변화가 없었지만, 濁字인 群母는 南北朝音부터 切韻音까지는 有聲音/g/이었다. 日本漢音의 母胎가 되는 中國의 北部方言인 秦音期에 이르러 /kh/로 有氣音化하여 溪母 /kh/에 흡수된다. 韻母의 변화로는 1等韻의 경우에 당대의 音韻變化속에서도 원음이 유지되었기 때문에 日本漢字音과 韓國漢字音, 베트남漢字音에서 모두 /-a/의 韻母를 가지고 특이한 점이 없다. 하지만 2等韻에서는 音韻變化과정에서 전설모음이었던 것이 후설화가 되어 韻母의 受容에 있어서 영향을 준다. 3等韻과 4等韻에서는 拗音性과 合口性이 포함되어 있으므로 각 나라별 漢字音의 受容에 있어서 고유한 음운규칙 속에서 많은 생략과 축약, 그리고 변형과 변화의 규칙이 적용된다. 이와 같이 중고음의 音韻變化현상을 이용하여, 日本漢字音의 字音形이 만들어지는 과정에 대하여, 한자사용권의 타국의 한자음과 함께 比較分韻表로 작성하여 비교하면서 외국어음으로서의 中國語음이 受容되어 정착하는 과정에서 어떠한 변화들이 있어 나는지 고찰하였다.
This is a study of the consonant type creation factors in Sino-Japanese, specifically by comparing Chinese characters from different countries (based on Guttral sounds), According to this research, the ancient phonemes of China had a change in sound for each period, with a significant change from the Northern and Southern Dynasties to the Tang Dynasty. The change in sound is classified into the sound system of the initial (consonants) and considered.
Group of Guttural sounds(喉音系) - ʔ(影母), h(曉母), ɦ(匣母), "∅(于母), "j(喩母)
There was no change in the clear character, ʔ(影母), and the next clean character,h(曉母), in Ancient Chinese, but the "Muddy" sounds (Chinese: 濁; zhou), ɦ(匣母), was voiced(有聲音)/g/ from the late Southern and Northern Dynasties sound to the 切韻音. At the Qin Dynasty, the northern part of China, which is the mother of Japanese classical music, it is transformed into /kh/ and absorbed into the h(曉母). Regarding the change of the group of vowels, in the case of the Grade Ⅰ, the original sound was maintained despite the change of sound at the time, so there is nothing unusual in that Sino-Japanese, Sino-Korean, and Sino-Vietnamese all have a group of vowels of /-a/. However, in the Grade Ⅱ, what was a front vowel in the process of sound change becomes a back vowel, which affects the group of vowels. Since the Grade Ⅲ and the Grade Ⅳ include phonological and synchronicity, many omissions, abbreviations, and rules of transformation and change are applied in the unique phonetic rules for each country"s Chinese character sound. In this way, using the phonetic change phenomenon of Ancient Chinese, the Chinese language sound as a foreign language sound is combined while preparing and comparing the Middle Chinese with the Chinese character sound of other countries of the Chinese character license for the process of making sino-Japanese. What kind of changes occurred in the process of settling were considered.
In Ancient Chinese, there was no change in the clear character, ʔ(影母), and the next clean character, h(曉母), but the "Muddy" sounds (Chinese: 濁; zhou), ɦ(匣母) was voiced(有聲音)/g/ from the late Southern and Northern Dynasties sound to the 切韻音. It is transformed into /kh/ and absorbed into the h(曉母) during the Qin Dynasty, which became origin of Japanese kanji pronunciation. Regarding the change of the group of vowels, in the case of Grade I, the original sound was preserved even during the sound change in the Tang Dynasty, so there is nothing unusual in that sino-Japanese, sino-Korean, and sino-Vetenamese all have the syllable of /-a/. However, in Grade II, what used to be a front vowel became a back vowel during the sound change, affecting the acceptance of syllables. Grade III and IV contain both phonetic and syntactic features, the acceptance of Chinese characters in each country is governed by its own phonological rules, which include many omissions, contractions, and variations and changes. Using this phenomenon of sound change in the ancient Chinese phonemes, the process of creating the phonetic form of Japanese Chinese characters was compared with the phonetic form of Chinese characters in other countries, and a comparison table was created to examine what changes occurred in the process of acceptance and settlement of Chinese pronunciation as a foreign language sound.