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It is said that Sung Dynasty had accomplished significant development in the scholarship and thoughts. However, it had not been achieved shortly after the beginning of the dynasty. Cultural development. generally takes long time and much efforts for its attainment. Moreover, it seems to me that the educational system and the state examination system were the most important motivation for the cultural development.
Fan Chung-Yen (范仲淹) was appointed a ranking Court Minister in August 1043 and he initiated the reformation of education system and state examination system which were the first important large scale reform in the early Sung-period. Before 1043, as a local government officer from place to place, he established local schools for the underprivileged and he claimed the reform of state examination and education system. In 1043, by the explicit command of the Emperor (Yen-Chung), Fan Chung-Yen submitted his ten-point memorial reform program to the Emperor. Many scholars and eight high government offices near the Emperor had discussed about this program and next year (1044), the imperial order was given at his suggestion and it was practised. In this Article, I will Research for Fan's reform Plan of education and state examination system, its results of the way of improving the quality of education and thoughts of Sung.
The program was able to improve the confucian learning by sponsoring prominent scholars, it helped to make their thoughts to be known all over the court and countryside. And Fan reformed the kind of formal literary composition used as the standard in the state examination. Fan thought the former state examination was not true test of knowledge, the new system will be able to select the man who has the practised knowledge for politics. And the significance of Fan's works lays in his promotion of school education in capital and country evenly At that time the chance of education were largely limited in the private schools established by individual scholars. By his program, education could be equally promotted all over the country and examination system could reformed. Many conservative leaders, for example Lu I-Chen (呂夷簡) opposed to Fan's Plan of reformation. consequently Fan was removed from power so that this program had to be stopped. At any rate education was promotted by virtue of this reformation plan and the idea of his program might be continued to Wang An-Shih's reform (1069-73).
Fan Chung-Yen (范仲淹) was appointed a ranking Court Minister in August 1043 and he initiated the reformation of education system and state examination system which were the first important large scale reform in the early Sung-period. Before 1043, as a local government officer from place to place, he established local schools for the underprivileged and he claimed the reform of state examination and education system. In 1043, by the explicit command of the Emperor (Yen-Chung), Fan Chung-Yen submitted his ten-point memorial reform program to the Emperor. Many scholars and eight high government offices near the Emperor had discussed about this program and next year (1044), the imperial order was given at his suggestion and it was practised. In this Article, I will Research for Fan's reform Plan of education and state examination system, its results of the way of improving the quality of education and thoughts of Sung.
The program was able to improve the confucian learning by sponsoring prominent scholars, it helped to make their thoughts to be known all over the court and countryside. And Fan reformed the kind of formal literary composition used as the standard in the state examination. Fan thought the former state examination was not true test of knowledge, the new system will be able to select the man who has the practised knowledge for politics. And the significance of Fan's works lays in his promotion of school education in capital and country evenly At that time the chance of education were largely limited in the private schools established by individual scholars. By his program, education could be equally promotted all over the country and examination system could reformed. Many conservative leaders, for example Lu I-Chen (呂夷簡) opposed to Fan's Plan of reformation. consequently Fan was removed from power so that this program had to be stopped. At any rate education was promotted by virtue of this reformation plan and the idea of his program might be continued to Wang An-Shih's reform (1069-73).
목차
一. 序言
二. 宋初의 敎育
三. 范仲淹의 文敎改革論
四. 范仲淹의 文敎改革實施
五. 王安石의 文敎改革策과의 比較
六. 結語
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