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The An-Shih(安史) Rebellion disturbed the centralized ruling system of T'ang(唐) Dynasty, lessening the national power. As a result of this, it was the Fan-Chen(藩鎭) that got the power over the region respectively, making the most of a chance which resulted from the weakness of centralized control. They strengthened the base of their power and brought about the confrontation among the region. At last, they controlled the rise and fall of T'ang Dynasty.
In order to understand the profound meaning of the background of Fan-chen's emergence, we must examine the variation of the military system, along with the administrative system and government organization.
In the year of the 21th of King Hsuan-tsung(玄宗) coming to the throne, he posted Chieh-tu-shih(節度使) at the border regions and the interior place of strategic importance, handing Tu-tu-fu(都督府) with the military power over to them gradually. The Fan-chen appeared in the course of the change of local administrative system. The Fan-chen headed for independence from the control of centralization and obtained the partial independence. For the Fan-chen to retain the powerful military strength enabled it to keep the partial independence. The military organization of the Fan-chen was composed of Kuan-chien(官健), the professional regular army by the recruitment and T'uan-chieh-p'ing(團結兵), the agrarian soldiers conscripted only during the farmer's leisure season. Their main power included soldiers that had much experiences of war, and they were the main axis of the military power.
Kuan-chien was divided into Ya-chun(牙軍) developed from the Fan-shuai (藩帥)'s bodyguards into the most powerful main troops and stationed Hui-fu (會府), and Chen-chun(鎭軍) took charge of the public order and the capital of Chou(州) and Hsien(縣) and the important places on the military and economic point. T'uan-chieh-p'ing was composed of a part of Chen-chun performing the duty of the local protection.
Ya-chun took charge of keeping the Fan-shuai's power and Chen-chun controlled Ci-shi(刺史) by the military force. Therefore the Fan-shuai needed the devotion of loyalty by his army to fix the dictatorship and was obliged to guarantee their economic benefits through the payment to them. The Fan-shuai employed his relatives, Chia-p'ing(家兵) at the important posts of Ya-chun and Chen-chun to control them more efficiently. The Chia-p'ing was composed of Chia-t'ung(家?), Chia-tzu(假子) and K'o(客). They were under the severe control of the Fan-shuai, because they were supported by the Fan-shuai's own property.
The Fan-shuai had to strengthen the combination with his army by distributing them several rights. When the army could not be given these rights, the combination between the Fan-shuai and his army became weak and the result was the deposition of the Fan-shuai by the army rebellion.
In short, after the An-shih Rebellion, the originality of the Fan-Chen resulted from making the most of the flaw of central government's policy of appeasement. Also the Fan-Chen got the originality from the interior temperament of confronting with centralized government and construction under political, economic and social situations, developing the interior ability to use the regional particular situation. The the Fan-Chen kept the partial independence against T'ang Dynasty, but it didn't construct different ruling system from that of the central government.
In order to understand the profound meaning of the background of Fan-chen's emergence, we must examine the variation of the military system, along with the administrative system and government organization.
In the year of the 21th of King Hsuan-tsung(玄宗) coming to the throne, he posted Chieh-tu-shih(節度使) at the border regions and the interior place of strategic importance, handing Tu-tu-fu(都督府) with the military power over to them gradually. The Fan-chen appeared in the course of the change of local administrative system. The Fan-chen headed for independence from the control of centralization and obtained the partial independence. For the Fan-chen to retain the powerful military strength enabled it to keep the partial independence. The military organization of the Fan-chen was composed of Kuan-chien(官健), the professional regular army by the recruitment and T'uan-chieh-p'ing(團結兵), the agrarian soldiers conscripted only during the farmer's leisure season. Their main power included soldiers that had much experiences of war, and they were the main axis of the military power.
Kuan-chien was divided into Ya-chun(牙軍) developed from the Fan-shuai (藩帥)'s bodyguards into the most powerful main troops and stationed Hui-fu (會府), and Chen-chun(鎭軍) took charge of the public order and the capital of Chou(州) and Hsien(縣) and the important places on the military and economic point. T'uan-chieh-p'ing was composed of a part of Chen-chun performing the duty of the local protection.
Ya-chun took charge of keeping the Fan-shuai's power and Chen-chun controlled Ci-shi(刺史) by the military force. Therefore the Fan-shuai needed the devotion of loyalty by his army to fix the dictatorship and was obliged to guarantee their economic benefits through the payment to them. The Fan-shuai employed his relatives, Chia-p'ing(家兵) at the important posts of Ya-chun and Chen-chun to control them more efficiently. The Chia-p'ing was composed of Chia-t'ung(家?), Chia-tzu(假子) and K'o(客). They were under the severe control of the Fan-shuai, because they were supported by the Fan-shuai's own property.
The Fan-shuai had to strengthen the combination with his army by distributing them several rights. When the army could not be given these rights, the combination between the Fan-shuai and his army became weak and the result was the deposition of the Fan-shuai by the army rebellion.
In short, after the An-shih Rebellion, the originality of the Fan-Chen resulted from making the most of the flaw of central government's policy of appeasement. Also the Fan-Chen got the originality from the interior temperament of confronting with centralized government and construction under political, economic and social situations, developing the interior ability to use the regional particular situation. The the Fan-Chen kept the partial independence against T'ang Dynasty, but it didn't construct different ruling system from that of the central government.
목차
Ⅰ. 緖論
Ⅱ. 藩鎭의 成立
Ⅲ. 藩鎭의 軍組織
Ⅳ. 藩鎭과 家兵과의 關係
Ⅴ. 結語
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