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초록· 키워드
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The West European society was a slave society at the time between the founding of the Frankish kingdom and the end of the 7th century. Although slavery had already been on the decline since the later Roman Empire, it was reinforced with many slaves produced in the maelstrom of the German invasion. Thereafter the decline of slavery resumed. It results above all from the fact that slave was transformed into tenant farmer or freedman cultivating his lord’s land. This change means that slave virtually became serf in the aspect of production relations, because he grew to be a petty subordinate farmer performing compulsory service for his lord’s demesne. On the other hand, the rent in money or kind who ‘colonus’ attached to the soil in the later Empire had paid was changed to labor service at the early age of the Frankish Kingdom. Free farmers(‘liber’) were deprived of their lands by powerful men and became their dependant peasants performing labor service. Thus in terms of production relations all the ancient immediate producers were transformed into serfs until the first half of the 8th century.
When all peasants entered in the same relation of production regardless of their former condition under the classic manor system prevailing between 9th century and 11th century, a unified serf class was formed. The socalled non-economic compulsion too contributed to the birth of the class serf. Especially when the Frankish empire collapsed toward the close of the 10th century, free peasants were dominated and subordinated by princes and castellans who monopolized government power. This situation served as a definitive momentum in the legal formation of the medieval serf class who held an absolute majority of people.
When all peasants entered in the same relation of production regardless of their former condition under the classic manor system prevailing between 9th century and 11th century, a unified serf class was formed. The socalled non-economic compulsion too contributed to the birth of the class serf. Especially when the Frankish empire collapsed toward the close of the 10th century, free peasants were dominated and subordinated by princes and castellans who monopolized government power. This situation served as a definitive momentum in the legal formation of the medieval serf class who held an absolute majority of people.
목차
1. 머리말
2. 중세 초의 서유럽사회는 노예제사회였는가?
3. 부자유인의 농노화 과정
4. 자유인의 농노화 과정과 통합적인 농노계급의 형성
5. 맺음말
영어 초록
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