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In this article, the foreign policy of Baekjae(百濟) during the middle period of the 7th century is examined in three inner-periods in relation to the international situations.
At the time when the Tang(唐) dynasty launched a campaign against the Goguryeo(高句麗) dynasty, Baekjae had a more amicable relationship with Tang than the one it had with Shilla(新羅). But later, the international situation changed more to Shilla’s favor. Baekjae came to the conclusion that Tang dynasty’s condition would keep it from intervening in the situations of the Korean peninsula, so Baekjae decided to cease its diplomatic efforts to maintain amicable relationship with Tang and concentrate in its attacks upon Shilla. But Baekjae ended up being severely hurt when those attacks ended in failure. As a result, a general consensus against the war efforts was created inside Baekjae, and that consensus seems to have been what prompted the Baekjae government to reopen its efforts to restore the diplomatic relationship with Tang. In the meantime, after the Daika-Kaishin(大化改新), pro-Baekjae members inside Wei(倭) government lost their footing and as Shilla actively sought for a diplomatic relationship with Wei, Baekjae’s relationship with Wei was considerably weakened.
After Tang Emperor GaoZong(高宗) ascended to the throne, the East Asian region had 5 years of respite. Tang was no longer in a condition to maintain active campaigns throughout the region. In such climate, Baekjae tried to restore its diplomatic relationship with Tang which had become estranged over the past years, but eventually failed. And Shilla continued to have a more solid relationship with Tang while also continuing its administrative, domestic reforms. As a result, Baekjae attempted to form a relationship(more like an alliance) with Goguryeo around 652-654, and also concentrate upon its diplomatic negotiations with Wei. Wei were trying to maintain equal ties with several countries, but inside Wei government pro-Baekjae members strengthened their hand and Baekjae came to press Shilla in terms of their respective relationships with Wei.
In 655, the allied forces of Baekjae, Goguryeo and Malgal(靺鞨) troops launched an attack upon the Northern borders of Shilla, and annexed more than 30 Shilla castles. Around the time when Zetian-Wuhou(則天武后) seized power, Tang dynasty completed the power transfer inside the government, and resolutions of domestic issues enabled Tang to reinvest efforts in foreign campaigns. Baekjae and Goguryeo was able to launch more aggressive campaigns because of their recent victories. In the meantime, Shilla established an exclusive diplomatic channel with Tang dynasty, and the possibility of the allied forces of Shilla and Tang troops attacking Baekjae was rising. After Shilla abandoned its efforts to maintain a diplomatic relationship with Wei, Baekjae and Goguryeo jumped to the opportunity to enhance their respective relationships with Wei. Especially, Kentoushi(遣唐使) came to pass through Baekjae and not Shilla. Wei troops landed on Baekjae, but it was scarcely because of their amicable relationship, and the internal matters of Wei was more responsible for such troop movements. Baekjae abandoned its relationship with Tang and pursued an alliance with Goguryeo and Wei. Considering the circumstances, it was not a mistake, but it was fatal that it did not establish a more solid relationship of cooperation.
At the time when the Tang(唐) dynasty launched a campaign against the Goguryeo(高句麗) dynasty, Baekjae had a more amicable relationship with Tang than the one it had with Shilla(新羅). But later, the international situation changed more to Shilla’s favor. Baekjae came to the conclusion that Tang dynasty’s condition would keep it from intervening in the situations of the Korean peninsula, so Baekjae decided to cease its diplomatic efforts to maintain amicable relationship with Tang and concentrate in its attacks upon Shilla. But Baekjae ended up being severely hurt when those attacks ended in failure. As a result, a general consensus against the war efforts was created inside Baekjae, and that consensus seems to have been what prompted the Baekjae government to reopen its efforts to restore the diplomatic relationship with Tang. In the meantime, after the Daika-Kaishin(大化改新), pro-Baekjae members inside Wei(倭) government lost their footing and as Shilla actively sought for a diplomatic relationship with Wei, Baekjae’s relationship with Wei was considerably weakened.
After Tang Emperor GaoZong(高宗) ascended to the throne, the East Asian region had 5 years of respite. Tang was no longer in a condition to maintain active campaigns throughout the region. In such climate, Baekjae tried to restore its diplomatic relationship with Tang which had become estranged over the past years, but eventually failed. And Shilla continued to have a more solid relationship with Tang while also continuing its administrative, domestic reforms. As a result, Baekjae attempted to form a relationship(more like an alliance) with Goguryeo around 652-654, and also concentrate upon its diplomatic negotiations with Wei. Wei were trying to maintain equal ties with several countries, but inside Wei government pro-Baekjae members strengthened their hand and Baekjae came to press Shilla in terms of their respective relationships with Wei.
In 655, the allied forces of Baekjae, Goguryeo and Malgal(靺鞨) troops launched an attack upon the Northern borders of Shilla, and annexed more than 30 Shilla castles. Around the time when Zetian-Wuhou(則天武后) seized power, Tang dynasty completed the power transfer inside the government, and resolutions of domestic issues enabled Tang to reinvest efforts in foreign campaigns. Baekjae and Goguryeo was able to launch more aggressive campaigns because of their recent victories. In the meantime, Shilla established an exclusive diplomatic channel with Tang dynasty, and the possibility of the allied forces of Shilla and Tang troops attacking Baekjae was rising. After Shilla abandoned its efforts to maintain a diplomatic relationship with Wei, Baekjae and Goguryeo jumped to the opportunity to enhance their respective relationships with Wei. Especially, Kentoushi(遣唐使) came to pass through Baekjae and not Shilla. Wei troops landed on Baekjae, but it was scarcely because of their amicable relationship, and the internal matters of Wei was more responsible for such troop movements. Baekjae abandoned its relationship with Tang and pursued an alliance with Goguryeo and Wei. Considering the circumstances, it was not a mistake, but it was fatal that it did not establish a more solid relationship of cooperation.
목차
머리말
1. 대당외교의 소극화와 지속적인 신라 공격
2. 대당외교의 중단과 고구려ㆍ왜와의 연합 모색
3. 고구려ㆍ왜와의 연합정책
맺음말
Abstract
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