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논문 기본 정보

자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
저널정보
신영어영문학회 신영어영문학 신영어영문학 제16집
발행연도
2000.8
수록면
63 - 79 (17page)

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The problem of Self is most crucial in understanding of Whitman's poetry. The purpose of this paper is to study Whitman's concept of good and evil on the basis of his Self in the light of Vedantic philosophy. Both Whitman and Vedantic mystics believe that there are two selves in them, Me(the real self) and not-Me. The real self, atman in Vedantic philosophy, is impregnable, immortal, immutable, non-dual, free and pure and is identical with the Absolute. When man realizes that the real self is identified with the Absolute, he liberates. After this realization, he is free from all the dualism, such as good and evil, matter and spirit, subject and object, and sensible and suprasensible.
Whitman makes contradictory statements regarding evil in his poems. In one and the same breath he denies evil and insists that evil is not delusion. Like Vedantists, Whitman seems to recognize two distinct planes of existence―the one phenomenal, the other metaphysical. The former is the point of view of "the developed soul" and the latter is that of the undeveloped individual. While to the developed soul evil has no reality and is only maya, to the undeveloped evil has reality. Whitman, the developed soul, denies evil only from the point of view of knowlege, though from the point of view of ignorance he concedes that there is evil. While evil is invalid with reference to Whitman and his soul is unaffected by moral distinctions and suffering in the world around him, evil has a reality to ordinary men. Whitman expresses both points of view in his poems. This is why Whitman accepts and denies evil at the same time and he stands indifferent to both good and evil.

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