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It has often been pointed out that Notes from the Underground represents an attack on the views of radical utilitarian thinker Chernyshevsky and a response to his novel What Is to Be Done. In this respect, comparatively little attention has been devoted to the fact that Notes from the Underground reveals human psychology as well.
A close examination of the text shows that Notes from the Underground has perhaps the most complex narrational structure of all Dostoevsky's works. Part One, told from the point of view of the older Underground Man, is straightforward. Part Two, however, works on several narrational planes at the same time, relating the ideas and feeling of Underground Man sixteen years ago, as they are remembered by a now much older narrator about his present and past selves. As a result of this narrative situation a significant ironic distance is established between the Underground Man's younger and older selves. This ironic distance is especially important because it is the author's most effective means of bringing out the differences between the experiencing and narrating personae on which the Underground Man's possibility for self-deception is based. This is the reason why both the philosophy and the psychology of Underground Man are in detail studied. The reason that the Underground Man is created not only as an underground philosopher, but as a man of complex psychology is to make a considerable point of human nature, which is irrational. The Underground Man deceives even himself by the various devices, rationalization, exaggeration, and daydreaming, for instance. In lying to himself and listening to his own lies, the Underground Man embroils himself in endless contradictions. He no longer respects himself or others and is completely incapable of love. He has indeed become preoccupied with coarse pleasures and vices. He is easily offended - all because of his self-deception.
An awareness of the Underground Man's psychology, together with his philosophy, emphasizes the significance of the work both as a masterful psychological portrait and as a philosophical manifesto against the radical utilitarian thinkers.
A close examination of the text shows that Notes from the Underground has perhaps the most complex narrational structure of all Dostoevsky's works. Part One, told from the point of view of the older Underground Man, is straightforward. Part Two, however, works on several narrational planes at the same time, relating the ideas and feeling of Underground Man sixteen years ago, as they are remembered by a now much older narrator about his present and past selves. As a result of this narrative situation a significant ironic distance is established between the Underground Man's younger and older selves. This ironic distance is especially important because it is the author's most effective means of bringing out the differences between the experiencing and narrating personae on which the Underground Man's possibility for self-deception is based. This is the reason why both the philosophy and the psychology of Underground Man are in detail studied. The reason that the Underground Man is created not only as an underground philosopher, but as a man of complex psychology is to make a considerable point of human nature, which is irrational. The Underground Man deceives even himself by the various devices, rationalization, exaggeration, and daydreaming, for instance. In lying to himself and listening to his own lies, the Underground Man embroils himself in endless contradictions. He no longer respects himself or others and is completely incapable of love. He has indeed become preoccupied with coarse pleasures and vices. He is easily offended - all because of his self-deception.
An awareness of the Underground Man's psychology, together with his philosophy, emphasizes the significance of the work both as a masterful psychological portrait and as a philosophical manifesto against the radical utilitarian thinkers.
목차
Ⅰ. 서론
Ⅱ. 지하인의 기본 사상: 인간의 이성과 자유의지
Ⅲ. 지하인의 심리분석: 인간의 비합리성과 자기기만
Ⅳ. 인간 철학: 도스토예프스키와 체르느이세프스키의 인간 본성론
Ⅴ. 결론
참고문헌
Abstract
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