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This paper explores the problem of the identity of the Okinawa islands by examining the Ry?ky? elite's protest to the annexation of the islands by Japan in the 1870s. The protest unfolded in two ways. First, in a pledge movement, the Ry?ky? people, standing united against Japan, swore not to cooperate with the Meiji government. It developed mainly in the elite class but was also visible in the peasant class. It was not limited to the main island but spread to the island Sakijima as well. Through this desperate attempt to protect their kingdom, the solidarity of the Ry?ky? people was intensified.
Second, delegates from the Ry?ky? kingdom actively protested about the Japanese ambition to the legations of various Western countries in Tokyo. Others dispatched to China continually petitioned to influential members of the Chinese government to send troops to Ry?ky?. This lasted for ten years, and the documents submitted to the Chinese government in this period reveal that the Ry?ky? elite's consciousness of the national identity and their understanding of international relations in the Chinese world order.
The Ry?ky? elite emphasized the independence of their kingdom and her distinctiveness from Japan. This was quite different from the theory of the common origin of the Ry?ky? and Japanese peoples, to which the RyQkyii people eventually succumbed. The Ry?ky? elite in this period asserted that their kingdom had enjoyed complete independence until they started offering tribute to Ming in the reign of Emperor Hongwu during the fourteenth century, contrary to the Japanese allegations that Ryukyu had been a part of Japanese territory from the earliest time and that the Ry?ky? royal family was an offshoot of the Japanese imperial family. The Ry?ky? elite were proud that even after its subordination to Qing China and Satsmahan (薩摩藩), their country was continuously ruled as an independent kingdom by a separate king with a proper title. As China and Japan negotiated a plan for dividing the islands, the Ry?ky? elite were infuriated and showed strong determination to keep their territory intact.
As regards international relations, the Ry?ky? elite asserted that their kingdom was one of loyal tributaries to China along with Korea and Vietnam, and warned that its downfall would lead to the collapse of the world order maintained in East Asia by the Chinese empire. With these claims they urged Qing to intervene in their matter by sending troops. Naturally they responded harshly when Qing dispatched troops only to Korea and Vietnam during the early 1880s in the face of similar crises with foreign powers.
The Ry?ky? elite were proud of the independence of their kingdom maintained under the nominal subordination to China as an important member in the Chinese world order.
Second, delegates from the Ry?ky? kingdom actively protested about the Japanese ambition to the legations of various Western countries in Tokyo. Others dispatched to China continually petitioned to influential members of the Chinese government to send troops to Ry?ky?. This lasted for ten years, and the documents submitted to the Chinese government in this period reveal that the Ry?ky? elite's consciousness of the national identity and their understanding of international relations in the Chinese world order.
The Ry?ky? elite emphasized the independence of their kingdom and her distinctiveness from Japan. This was quite different from the theory of the common origin of the Ry?ky? and Japanese peoples, to which the RyQkyii people eventually succumbed. The Ry?ky? elite in this period asserted that their kingdom had enjoyed complete independence until they started offering tribute to Ming in the reign of Emperor Hongwu during the fourteenth century, contrary to the Japanese allegations that Ryukyu had been a part of Japanese territory from the earliest time and that the Ry?ky? royal family was an offshoot of the Japanese imperial family. The Ry?ky? elite were proud that even after its subordination to Qing China and Satsmahan (薩摩藩), their country was continuously ruled as an independent kingdom by a separate king with a proper title. As China and Japan negotiated a plan for dividing the islands, the Ry?ky? elite were infuriated and showed strong determination to keep their territory intact.
As regards international relations, the Ry?ky? elite asserted that their kingdom was one of loyal tributaries to China along with Korea and Vietnam, and warned that its downfall would lead to the collapse of the world order maintained in East Asia by the Chinese empire. With these claims they urged Qing to intervene in their matter by sending troops. Naturally they responded harshly when Qing dispatched troops only to Korea and Vietnam during the early 1880s in the face of similar crises with foreign powers.
The Ry?ky? elite were proud of the independence of their kingdom maintained under the nominal subordination to China as an important member in the Chinese world order.
목차
Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. 琉球王國 부활운동의 경위 : 血判誓約과 乞師운동
Ⅲ. 琉球지배층의 자기인식
Ⅳ. 국제관계 속의 琉球王國의 위치에 대한 인식
Ⅴ. 맺음말
〈Abstract〉
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