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The aim of this paper is to examine, by investigating the formation and development of Lao Yangren group, the relationship between warlords and banditry in early republican China. It is my contention that this relationship was different from those of 1910s' in many sense that the former were prowling, professional. destructive. large-scale and looting whereas the latter were local. seasonal. small-scale. and "social bandit." These changes were largely stemmed from the administrative character of 1920s' Henan(河南) warlords. In the 1910s. the strategy against bandits was designed to liquidate them with close cooperation between military personnel and civil magistrate. In a free fight period of 1920s, however. it was transformed into the reorganization strategy. The change reflected that not only the size of banditry was enlarged. but the demand for their equipment was increased. Mingled with the weakening of police administration under magistrate level. this changed strategy aggravated the Henan public order. Especially, as soon as Zhao Ti(趙倜), Henan Dujun(督軍), went to ruin in 1922, the men under his command combined with banditry. Therefore. "there was no distinction with warlord and banditry.“(兵匪不分) Lao Yangren group was fairly typical of this soldier-bandits case,(兵匪)
Though they are merciless, cruel. and simple-minded, ultimately, by devastating the territory of Wu Pei-fu(吳佩孚), weakened his sovereign power, by taking many foreigners, especially Western captive(洋票), they disclosed warlord's subordination to the World Powers. To some extent they unconsciously contributed to anti-Imperialism, anti-Warlordism National Revolution in collusion with anti-Zhili clique.(反直隷派) Besides, Lao Yangren acquired the titles. Xunyue Dashi(巡閱大使) and Jianyue Dashi(檢閱大使). This showed his power was comparable to that of Wu Peifu and Fung Yuxiang.(馮玉祥) In the end, they could establish the brief "central bandit government"(中央匪政府) as another power in North China.
But I could not discover in their plundering behavior a new political character that was superior to the existing warlords. Rather I could find out their historical meaning from the fact that after Lao Yangren died, hundreds of bandits admired him so much that they appeared as incarnation of Lao Yanren and in Henan banditry increased ten times. After all, with Lao Yangren as a momentum. Henan was transformed into "Bandit-world."
Though they are merciless, cruel. and simple-minded, ultimately, by devastating the territory of Wu Pei-fu(吳佩孚), weakened his sovereign power, by taking many foreigners, especially Western captive(洋票), they disclosed warlord's subordination to the World Powers. To some extent they unconsciously contributed to anti-Imperialism, anti-Warlordism National Revolution in collusion with anti-Zhili clique.(反直隷派) Besides, Lao Yangren acquired the titles. Xunyue Dashi(巡閱大使) and Jianyue Dashi(檢閱大使). This showed his power was comparable to that of Wu Peifu and Fung Yuxiang.(馮玉祥) In the end, they could establish the brief "central bandit government"(中央匪政府) as another power in North China.
But I could not discover in their plundering behavior a new political character that was superior to the existing warlords. Rather I could find out their historical meaning from the fact that after Lao Yangren died, hundreds of bandits admired him so much that they appeared as incarnation of Lao Yanren and in Henan banditry increased ten times. After all, with Lao Yangren as a momentum. Henan was transformed into "Bandit-world."
목차
Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. 老洋人集團의 성립
Ⅲ. ‘洋票’ 전술 구사와 老洋人의 收撫
Ⅳ. 收撫 후의 老洋人集團-兵과 匪 사이
Ⅴ. 老洋人集團의 構成과 性格
Ⅵ. 맺음말
〈Abstract〉
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