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자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
저널정보
한국기독교학회 한국기독교신학논총 한국기독교신학논총 제23집
발행연도
2002.1
수록면
45 - 67 (23page)

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Since temples were important economic institutions in ancient Near East, owned land and herds in the countryside and an elementary manufacturing industry in the cities, many scholars have studied temple economy. However, they have neglected that priests or officials committed various criminal activities. In this work, we investigate crime types of priests or officials served in temple of ancient Near East and the Old Testament. For this purpose, we examines the Old Testament and Akkadian letters from priests to the kings Esarhaddon and Assurbanipal. As a result, we show that there were various temple criminal activities in ancient Near East. Main crime of priests and temple officials are thieves of offerings, temple property or golden and silver images of gods, were derelict in their obligation, abused their authorities, and so on. However, we find some differences between Israel and ancient Mesopotamia caused by their different religious institution. For example, Israelite priests used force to get what they want. Hophni and Phineas stole meat from the sanctuary treasury. They abused their privileges. They fatten themselves on the choicest parts of every sacrifice. However, insead of sacrificial offerings, Mesopotamian priests thieved golden and silver images of gods. It was not committed in Israel because Israelite people shall not make image of god. Furthermore, in ancient Israel, temple criminals were priests, but in ancient Near East were priests and temple officials. Mesopotamian temple bureaucracy was more developed than ancient Israel. Finally, Israelite priests sometimes took part in political conspiracy and took their religious-political-economic privileges, however, Mesopotamian priests did not. The more the temple was an important economic institution in ancient Near East, the more criminal activities of priests were occurred.

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