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논문 기본 정보

자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
저널정보
언어과학회 언어과학연구 언어과학연구 제28집
발행연도
2004.3
수록면
79 - 96 (18page)

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The most important publication on the acquisition of the phonological system, despite criticism and revisions, probably remains to be Jakobson`s theory of minimal consonantism and minimal vocalism. According to his theory, children always acquire sound as the contrastive pairs, in which each of the two sounds has a different place or manner of articulation. The aphasic - someone who can neither distinguish nor produce certain sounds - suffers from a lack of language like children learning to speak. In Jakobson`s opinion the child learns not sounds but distinctive features. Frequently used sounds, like the nasal consonants are acquired very early, whereas sounds which occur rarely, like nasalized vowels are acquired either later on or not at all. Jakobson claims that the aphasics loss of sound happens in reverse order to the acquisition. So frequently used sounds are lost comparatively late, after many less frequent sounds have already disappeared. However this theory has been doubted by several other linguists like Mowrer, Ferguson and Garnica. One point in Jakobson`s theory turns out to be incorrect. He does not see a connection between the babbling phase and the language acquisition and now this has been proved wrong. Babbling and speaking change into each other, depend on each other and also follow similar, universal laws. Jakobson`s theory can be summarized as follows: The different steps of language acquisition follow the "principle of the maximum contrast" and from simple and unstructured to graded and differentiated progress. Thus, the construction of children`s language and the reduction of the aphasic language show some common legitimacies. According to Jakobson, it confirms the stepped development of the language system, particularly the phoneme system. Finally one can say that Jakobson`s theory to the language acquisition applies to the majority of the children, but not all of them. Some factors could affect the form of the acquisition sequence.

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