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Comparing Colonial City Planning of “Xinjing (Manzhouguo)” and “Gyeongseong(Chosun)”
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일제하 '만주국 신경'과 '조선 경성'의 도시계획 비교

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Type
Academic journal
Author
Lho Kyungmin (국립문화재연구소)
Journal
The Institute of Seoul Studies, The University of Seoul The Journal of Seoul studies No.71 KCI Accredited Journals
Published
2018.5
Pages
1 - 54 (54page)
DOI
10.17647/jss.2018.05.71.1

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Comparing Colonial City Planning of “Xinjing (Manzhouguo)” and “Gyeongseong(Chosun)”
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Abstract· Keywords

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In 1932, Japanese army of Gwandong area built a puppet government named “Manzhouguo”and select Changchun to be their new captial “Xinjing”. In the past, Japanese imperialism used “Haussmannization” to reconstruct old capital cities into new colonial cities. However, Xinjing was a newly constructed capital, similar to Western imperialism. The study starts from this point of view. Although Manzhouguo and Choson were located in different countries, and also were ruled by different colonial government in different era, Xinjing and Gyeongseong still had a common ground. They were under the rule of Japanese imperialism. This study is composed in two parts. In the first part, based on the reason why Changchun was selected, we compare each background with the Gyeongseong. In the second part, we analyse the alternative plans and the final plan of Xinjing capital city planning and draw the characteristics of this planning. Then, we compare these characteristics with Gyeongseong’s city planning.
The result of this study as follows. First, Xinjing city planning used traditional eastern palace placement with modern western city planning at the same time. Comparing to Gyeongseong and Taipei, this was a totally different method. Gyeongseong was redesigned by “Haussmannization”. which was based on Tokyo’s “Haussmannization”. However, due to the fact that these two cities had(or designed to have) the bases of traditional palace placement, the administrative agency were built along this main axis. The commercial axis were extend from the old commerical axis or were reconstructed into a new axis. The commerical axis had a strong influence of the people flowing from the railway station, so this axis was designed to be connected to the railway station. Second, both cities were reorganized by the railway network in order to apply “City Planning Act” after Manzhouguo was built. Due to this fact zoning and Land Readjustment Project were affected directly by railway system, also having strong relationships. Third, the way of supplying resources were different. Manzhouguo’s construction bureau first bought land of Changchun in order to cultivate and then sold the land with a higher price. This way, not only did they secured the budget which they need to built a new city, but also could control the city planning from the start. This was a very effective way to built a new capital. Gyeongseong was constructed under the ‘benefit principle’, which became a burden to Koreans and Japanese who owned property in Gyeongseong. Finally, during the operation of both city planning, Japanese imperialism showed “coloniality”. City planning it self became a brutal instrument to rule colonies. Chinese of Xinjng and Korean of Gyeongseong were expelled from their livelihood and moved to a more poor environment.
#경성 #신경 #식민지수도 #일본제국주의 #근대도시계획 #Gyeongseong #Xinqing #Colonial capital #Japanese Imperialism #City planning

Contents

Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. ‘신경’국도선정 배경에서 바라본 경성
Ⅲ. 신경 ‘국도건설계획’과 경성의 도시계획 비교
Ⅳ. 맺음말
참고문헌
국문초록
ABSTRACT

References (58)

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조선왕조실록 google schola 조선총독부관보 google schola 동아일보 google schola 駒井德三 / 1933 / 大滿洲國建設錄 / 中央公論社 google schola 南滿洲鐵道株式會社經濟調査會 / 1935 / 新京都市建設方策 / 南滿洲鐵道株式會社 google schola

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