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자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
Dong-Hyun Kim (Kyung Hee University)
저널정보
고려인삼학회 Journal of Ginseng Research Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.42 No.3
발행연도
2018.6
수록면
255 - 263 (9page)

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초록· 키워드

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Orally administered ginsengs come in contact with the gut microbiota, and their hydrophilic constituents, such as ginsenosides, are metabolized to hydrophobic compounds by gastric juice and gut microbiota: protopanxadiol-type ginsenosides are mainly transformed into compound K and ginsenoside Rh2; protopanaxatriol-type ginsenosides to ginsenoside Rh1 and protopanaxatriol, and ocotillol-type ginsenosides to ocotillol. Although this metabolizing activity varies between individuals, the metabolism of ginsenosides to compound K by gut microbiota in individuals treated with ginseng is proportional to the area under the blood concentration curve for compound K in their blood samples. These metabolites such as compound K exhibit potent pharmacological effects, such as antitumor, anti- inflammatory, antidiabetic, antiallergic, and neuroprotective effects compared with the parent ginsenosides, such as Rb1, Rb2, and Re. Therefore, to monitor the potent pharmacological effects of ginseng, a novel probiotic fermentation technology has been developed to produce absorbable and bioactive metabolites. Based on these findings, it is concluded that gut microbiota play an important role in the pharmacological action of orally administered ginseng, and probiotics that can replace gut microbiota can be used in the development of beneficial and bioactive ginsengs.

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ABSTRACT
1. Introduction
2. Gut microbiota
3. Ginseng constituents
4. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of ginseng phytochemicals
5. Metabolism of protopanaxadiol-type and protopanaxatriol-type ginsenosides in gastrointestinal tract by gastrointestinal juice and gut microbiota
6. Metabolism of ginsenoside Ro, vina-majonoside R2, and majonoside R2 in gastrointestinal tract by gut microbiota
7. Metabolism of ginsenosides in liver
8. Pharmacological effects of ginseng constituents and their metabolites
9. Difference in gut microbiota-mediated ginsenosidemetabolizing enzyme activity between individuals
10. Fermented/biotransformed ginseng
11. Conclusion
References

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