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Enzyme/prodrug approach is one of the actively developing areas for cancer therapy. In an effort to develop more efective enzyme/prodrug sys-tems, cel-permeable cytosine deaminase was pro-duced by fusing yeast cytosine deaminase (yCD) which is an eficient delivery peptide of the foreign proteins into cels. The purified Tat-yCD fusion protein expresed in Escherichia coli was readily transduced into mamalian cels in a time- and dose-dependent manner. A significant level of the transduced Tat-yCD protein was recovered in the cel and was stable for 24 h as indicated by both results of the enzymatic assay of 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) conversion to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and Western blot analysis. The cels transduced with toxicity of 5-FC, while cels treated with yCD are unafected by 5-FC. In addition, a strong bystander effect was observed with conditioned media from cells transduced with Tat-yCD added to non-trans-duced cels. Tat-yCD fusion protein demonstrated here for its ability to transduce into cells and con-vert nontoxic prodrug 5-FC to the toxic antimeta-bolite 5-FU, may be a useful approach for cancer therapy.

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