최근 세계적으로 지진, 홍수 등 다양한 형태의 재난이 발생하여 인명 및 재산피해를 발생시키고 있으며, 재난 복 구를위한기부는빠른재해복구를위해상당히중요하다. 이에따라최근마케팅분야에서도재난복구를위한 기부에 미치는 영향요인들에 대한 연구들이 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 기부캠페인 메시지에서 이미 지 유형(피해지역 vs. 피해자)과 메시지 유형(인명피해 vs. 재산피해)이 기부자의 기부의도에 어떠한 영향을 미치 는지알아보고자하였다. 두차례의실험을통해밝혀진본연구의결과요약과시사점은다음과같다. 첫째, 기부캠페인에서 노출되는 이미지 유형이 피해자 이미지인 경우, 재산피해 메시지와 함께 보여졌을 때 기부 의도를 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 피해자 이미지가 인명피해 메시지와 함께 제시되는 경우에는 기부의도 를 증가시키지 않았다. 둘째, 기부캠페인에서 노출되는 이미지 유형이 피해지역인 경우, 재산피해 vs. 인명피해 메시지와 함께 제시되는 것에 대한 차이가 유의미하지 않게 나타났다. 이러한 본 연구 결과는 기부캠페인을 구성하는 이미지와 메시지 전략에 도움이 되는 의미있는 시사점을 제공한다.
Recently various types of disasters such as earthquakes and floods had been occurred, resulting in human and property damages. In order to recover these damages in a timely manner, donations in the private sector are important. As a result, many marketing scholars have paid attention to the area of donations and many works have been investigated factors that influence individuals’ donation intentions. The current research seeks to aim to expand this line of research, exploring how the image type (i.e., victim vs. disaster area) and the message type (i.e., human vs. property damage) of a donation campaign for a disaster can jointly affect people’s donation intentions. Specifically, when a donation campaign presents the image of a victim, people tend to perceive strong relevance with themselves. Thus, the image of a victim is accompanied with the messages regarding the loss of human lives, then people would perceive too strong relevance and this rather increases their intentions to get out of this situation, resulting in lower donation intentions. However, when a donation campaign presents the image of a victim rather than a disaster area, people would perceive weak relevance with themselves, mitigating the difference due to the message type. Two studies were conducted to test these predictions. Study 1 was a 2(image type: victim vs. disaster area) × 2(message type: human vs. property damage) between subjects design. One hundred and one participants were recruited from the Amazon Mturk. They watched one of the four short videos regarding the attack of Hurricane Harvey in 2017 (see Figure 1 for details) and indicated their donation intentions on the 7-points scale (1=Unlikely; 7=Likely). The results of ANOVA with donation intention as a dependent variable and image type and message type as independent variables confirmed no significant main effect; but the interaction effect between image type and message type was significant (F(1,97)=4.832, p=.03), such that, in the victim image condition, the donation intention was greater in the property damage condition (M=5.75) than in the loss of lives condition (M=4.39). However, this pattern was not found in the disaster area image condition. Taken together, these results are supportive of our predictions. In study 2, we attempted to replicate the findings of study 1 in a different disaster situation. Study 2 was a 2(image type: victim vs. disaster area) × 2(message type: human vs. property damage) between subjects design, as was in study 1. Ninety seven participants were recruited from the Amazon Mturk and the procedure was the same as did in study 1, except this time the messages and images were about the 2018 California wildfire. The results replicated those of study 1, showing tha, when the image type of a donation campaign for a disaster was victims, participants showed higher levels of donation intentions when the message type was property damage, compared to when the message type was human damage. In addition, when the image type of a donation campaign for a disaster was a disaster area, there was no significant difference depending on the message type. In summary, the findings of the two studies support our predictions. We believe that these results will provide meaningful insights to marketing practitioners who design donation campaigns for disasters. In particular, we make a theoretical contribution to the donation literature by distinguishing the effects of message type and image type. While the use of images and messages are popular in many donation campaigns, our findings suggest that the combination of an image of victims and a message regarding loss of lives would be too much to appeal donations. This seems too strong stimuli that might make people want to avoid from the situation. Therefore, donation campaigns would be better to cautiously mix messages according to what types of images they present in campaigns.