본 연구의 목적은 1인 가구를 대상으로 따로 사는 부모와 자녀와의 경제적 교류유형과 교류의 수준을 살펴보고, 연령에 따라 교류유형 및 교류수준에 차이가 나타나는지, 1인 가구의 경제적 교류유형에 영향을 미치는 요인은 무엇인지를 분석하는 것이다. 이때 교류의 유형은 쌍방형, 수혜형, 제공형, 비교류형으로 구분하였다. 본 연구에서는 2018년도에 조사된 21차년도 한국노동패널을 이용하였고, 조사대상자 중 1인 가구를 추출하여 1,714구를 분석하였다. 자료의 분석은 SPSS를 이용하여 교차분석, 분산분석 및 다항로지스틱 분석을 실시하였다. 주요 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 1인 가구 중 부모나 자녀 등 다른 가구로부터 경제적 수혜를 받고 있는 비율은 52.2%이고, 도움을 제공하고 있는 비율은 40.2%이다. 교류유형별로 살펴보면 수혜형이 31.7%, 무교류형이 28.1%, 쌍방형이 20.5%, 제공형이 19.7%로 나타났다. 이를 종합하여 보면 1인 가구의 71.9%가 교류형이고, 28.1%가 비교류형이다. 둘째, 연령에 따른 교류유형에 차이가 나타나서, 20대-40대까지는 제공형의 비중이 가장 높았으며 수혜형의 비중이 가장 낮았고, 50대는 무교류형의 비중이 가장 높았으며 수혜형의 비중이 가장 낮았고, 60대 이후는 수혜형의 비중이 높았으며 제공형의 비중이 가장 낮았다. 쌍방형의 경우 전연령대에 비교적 일정하게 나타나고 있다. 셋째, 1인 가구의 경제적 교류규모를 보면 전체적으로 수혜금액이 제공금액보다 크지만, 일부 연령대에서는 수혜금액보다 제공금액이 더 높게 나타나고 있다. 1인 가구의 경제적 교류유형별 교류규모를 살펴보면 쌍방형의 경우 연령에 따른 수혜금액이나 제공금액의 차이는 나타나지 않았으나, 수혜형과 제공형의 경우에는 연령에 따른 차이가 나타났다. 넷째, 무교류형을 기준으로 하여 교류유형에 대해 다항로지스틱 분석을 실시한 결과, 연령, 성별, 거주지역, 거주형태, 고용상태, 가계소득, 금융자산, 총부채가 영향을 미치는 변수인 것으로 나타났다.
The purposes of this study were to examine the economic exchange type and level of exchange between single-person households and the households of their parents and children living separately, to determine whether there is a difference in the type and level of exchange according to the age of head of single-person households, and to examine the influencing factors of the economic exchange type of single-person households. In this study, the types of economic exchange were divided into four groups: two-way economic exchange type, donor type, beneficiary type, and non-exchange type. The data of the study came from the 21st KLIPS(Korea Labor and Income Panel Study) that was surveyed in 2018. Total 1,714 single-person households were analyzed for the analysis. For data analysis, cross table analysis, variance analysis, and multinomial logistic analysis were performed using SPSS. The main research results are as follows. First, among single-person households, the rate of receiving economic support from the households of parents and/or children was 52.2%, and the rate of providing economic support was 40.2%. Looking at the frequency of the four types of economic exchange, 31.7% of single- person households belonged to ‘beneficiary type’, 28.1% belonged to ‘non-exchange group’, 20.5% belonged ’two-way economic exchange group’ and 19.7% belonged to ‘donor type’. Taken together, 71.9% of single-person households were engaged in economic exchanges either two-way or one-way. Second, there was a difference in the types of economic exchanges according to the age of single- person household’s head. For the household whose head was aged in 20s-40s, the proportion of ‘donor type’ was the highest and the share of ‘beneficiary type’ was the lowest. For those in their 50s, the proportion of ‘non-interchange type’ was the highest and the share of ‘beneficiary type’ was the lowest. After the 60s, the proportion of ‘beneficiary type’ was highest and the proportion of ‘donor type’ was the lowest. Two-way economic exchange type appeared relatively uniformly in all age groups. Third, looking at the scale of economic exchanges between single-person households and parent/children’s households, the overall benefit amount from their parent/children’s households was larger than the amount that they provided to. However, the amount provided to their parent/children’s households was higher than the benefit amount for some age groups. Fourth, age of head, gender, residential area, housing type, employment status, household income, financial assets, and total liabilities were found to be influencing variables from the multinomial logistic analysis on the exchange type. Even when other variables were controlled, age was proven to be a variable that affects the type of economic exchange.