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자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
저널정보
역사교육연구회 역사교육 역사교육 제14집
발행연도
1971.8
수록면
557 - 586 (31page)

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Feudalism means originally a form of government or a type of society quite peculiar to the Mediaeval West. So, if we try to find in our national history a form of government or a type of society entirely similar to western Feudalism, we are, as a matter of course, to fail. When we speak of feudalism in a non-Western country, it means only that there was a government or a society similar in some respects to Western feudalism. Thus we speak of Egyptian Feudalism, Achaean Feudalism and Japanese Feudalism. But it means more, when M. Bloch says, "Feu-dalism was not'an event which happened once in the world' Like Europe-though with inevitable and deep-seated differnces-Japan went through this (i. e. feudal) phase." He calls Japanese society from the eleventh century on as a feudal one by expanding the concept of Feudalism. It is expanded by eliminating those elements of western feudalism which are not common to them-for example, vassalage as a contract. The process of expanding may go on further and further. But it should be kept within certain limit not so as to evaporate the distinctive features of original feudalism, for it is on account of its characteristic contour that we use it as a conceptual instrument. Then, where should we set the limit? That is to say, what are the distinctive features of western Feudalism, which are reduced in number as far as possible? They are ruling warrior class. frag-mentation of political authority' and seignorial government. Even if we make a factual survey of the history of korea to look for a feudalism in terms of such an expanded cocept, we cannot get it, But we meet with a government and society which may be called feudal in some important aspects. It was during the last years of Silla and the early years of Koryo. From the close of the nineth century on the weakening of royal Power and the ensuing disorder caused the rise of many local magnates. They retained many armed followers and dominated the districts around their castles. Wong kun, who established. the kingdom of Koryo, was also one of them. After subduing them, he made them provincial governors and gave the districts under their rule as fief-like Rok-ub. Though they were govermental officials, they were, substantially independent except that they payed tributes to the Crown. Thus they may be said to have enjoyed immunity. And they exploited the peasant under their rule by rents and services. As is the case, it may be called a germ of feudalism, in the sense that it lacked in some elements which are to be found in the full-grown feudalism-for example the differentiation of specialized warrior-class from Peasantry.

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