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초록· 키워드
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The Relationship between Multilateral Environment Agreements and the WTO: Focused on the Kyoto Protocol.
The relationship between specific trade obligations set out in Multilateral Environment Agreements (hereinafter 'MEAs') and the WTO is under negotiation in the WTO as an agenda of the Doha Development Agenda negotiations. A possible conflict between the trade measures introduced under MEAs and the WTO rules has been an issue since the GATT while so far there is no dispute directly related to this issue. However there have been high concerns about a possible conflict with the effectuation of the Kyoto Protocol on 16 February in 2005. Because the Kyoto Protocol stipulates certain discretions of the parties to adopt domestic policies and measures to reduce CO2 emissions under the treaty and such policies and measures are expected to have significant implications and impacts on global trade. They include energy pricing policy, mandatory or voluntary labeling, carbon tax and border adjustment, energy efficiency standards, environmental subsidies, etc. In trade relations with the parties as well as in particular with the WTO members who are non-parties to the protocol, these measures could be subject to trade disputes. The Chile - Swordfish case (DS193) has shown that same trade measure could be dealt with in different contexts and different courts, the WTO and the ITLOS. However the current WTO discussion has not shown any visible result on this Issue so for the moment, the Issue has left to the WTO Members' policy coordination and ultimately the Dispute Settlement Body's decision How to establish and secure a balance between the WTO and other social values including environmental protection remains a great challenge to be solved among the WTO Members. In any event, possible solutions should be sought in a manner of keeping mutual supportiveness of trade liberalization and environment protection.
The relationship between specific trade obligations set out in Multilateral Environment Agreements (hereinafter 'MEAs') and the WTO is under negotiation in the WTO as an agenda of the Doha Development Agenda negotiations. A possible conflict between the trade measures introduced under MEAs and the WTO rules has been an issue since the GATT while so far there is no dispute directly related to this issue. However there have been high concerns about a possible conflict with the effectuation of the Kyoto Protocol on 16 February in 2005. Because the Kyoto Protocol stipulates certain discretions of the parties to adopt domestic policies and measures to reduce CO2 emissions under the treaty and such policies and measures are expected to have significant implications and impacts on global trade. They include energy pricing policy, mandatory or voluntary labeling, carbon tax and border adjustment, energy efficiency standards, environmental subsidies, etc. In trade relations with the parties as well as in particular with the WTO members who are non-parties to the protocol, these measures could be subject to trade disputes. The Chile - Swordfish case (DS193) has shown that same trade measure could be dealt with in different contexts and different courts, the WTO and the ITLOS. However the current WTO discussion has not shown any visible result on this Issue so for the moment, the Issue has left to the WTO Members' policy coordination and ultimately the Dispute Settlement Body's decision How to establish and secure a balance between the WTO and other social values including environmental protection remains a great challenge to be solved among the WTO Members. In any event, possible solutions should be sought in a manner of keeping mutual supportiveness of trade liberalization and environment protection.
목차
Ⅰ. 문제제기
Ⅱ. 교토의정서상의 무역조치
Ⅲ. 국내정책 및 조치와 WTO와의 관계
Ⅳ. 결론
參考文獻
Abstract
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