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The Great Purge of the 1930s has been one of the most important subjects in the history of soviet socialism. The newly opened archival fonds came to burst into many hot controversial debates among western and soviet scholars.
Since 1950s the totalitarian perspective showed a historiographical orientation with emphasis on Joseph Stalin's personality and totalitarian nature of the regime, Now, new documents available facilitated the so-called 'revisionist' historians to regard Stalin as an insufficient and, in some cases, extraneous causal actor, Instead they try to see the purge as a responsive act of Stalin and as by-products of tensions between centre and periphery of the party elite and institutions in a period of unparalleled socio-economic turmoil. The author examines conflicting claims of the rival historian-contenders critically on the origin and the scale of the great purge of the 1930s and makes the following points.
Firstly, there are still found many obscurities of terminologies and chronologies. The terms of repression, terror, the great purges, and Ezhovshchina and de-kulakization were not clearly distinguished. We can tell a different story in accordance with each definition.
Secondly, during 1934-36 Stalin full-consciously shaped a totally new view of new state-system and removed ruthlessly all the obstacles against it. Around Stalin and his close supporters were formed a large corps of new-type soviet elite cadres equipped with the principle of the superiority of materially powerful party-state over the socialistic ideal or of class struggle of proletariat.
Thirdly, despite newly released evidences of the NKVD materials, totally different views about the origins and process of the great purges are not generated. Only over the scale of the purge victims we can present roughly that about 4 - 5 millions died from famine, 1.5 to 1.8 millions perished due to de-kulakization, deaths in jails or camps approximated to 1.8 million, total executed were 800,000 persons. The total of excess death during the 1930s was counted as 9.8 million.
Fourthly, the social composition of victims varied with the periods of time. Before Ezhovshchina, high senior Bolshevik oppositionists were victimized. Since the July 1936 the main targets were local party elites, industrial managers and cadres, middle-level intelligentsia. After Ezhov the central objects of arrest were changed into 'socially harmful elements', and socially lower people in the factories.
Lastly, the Great Purges paved the way to construct the Stalinist one-man rule. But the great purges did not undergo profound changes in the nomenklatura system.
Since 1950s the totalitarian perspective showed a historiographical orientation with emphasis on Joseph Stalin's personality and totalitarian nature of the regime, Now, new documents available facilitated the so-called 'revisionist' historians to regard Stalin as an insufficient and, in some cases, extraneous causal actor, Instead they try to see the purge as a responsive act of Stalin and as by-products of tensions between centre and periphery of the party elite and institutions in a period of unparalleled socio-economic turmoil. The author examines conflicting claims of the rival historian-contenders critically on the origin and the scale of the great purge of the 1930s and makes the following points.
Firstly, there are still found many obscurities of terminologies and chronologies. The terms of repression, terror, the great purges, and Ezhovshchina and de-kulakization were not clearly distinguished. We can tell a different story in accordance with each definition.
Secondly, during 1934-36 Stalin full-consciously shaped a totally new view of new state-system and removed ruthlessly all the obstacles against it. Around Stalin and his close supporters were formed a large corps of new-type soviet elite cadres equipped with the principle of the superiority of materially powerful party-state over the socialistic ideal or of class struggle of proletariat.
Thirdly, despite newly released evidences of the NKVD materials, totally different views about the origins and process of the great purges are not generated. Only over the scale of the purge victims we can present roughly that about 4 - 5 millions died from famine, 1.5 to 1.8 millions perished due to de-kulakization, deaths in jails or camps approximated to 1.8 million, total executed were 800,000 persons. The total of excess death during the 1930s was counted as 9.8 million.
Fourthly, the social composition of victims varied with the periods of time. Before Ezhovshchina, high senior Bolshevik oppositionists were victimized. Since the July 1936 the main targets were local party elites, industrial managers and cadres, middle-level intelligentsia. After Ezhov the central objects of arrest were changed into 'socially harmful elements', and socially lower people in the factories.
Lastly, the Great Purges paved the way to construct the Stalinist one-man rule. But the great purges did not undergo profound changes in the nomenklatura system.
목차
Ⅰ. 서론 및 연구동향
Ⅱ. 대숙청의 배경
Ⅲ. 대숙청의 양상
Ⅳ. 대숙청의 희생자의 규모
Ⅴ. 대숙청의 참여자들
Ⅵ. 결론
〈Abstract〉
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