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논문 기본 정보

자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
Karolina Szmigielska-Piotrkowska (University of Warsaw)
저널정보
부산대학교 한국민족문화연구소 Localities Localities Vol.6
발행연도
2016.11
수록면
93 - 126 (34page)
DOI
10.15299/local.2016.11.6.93

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초록· 키워드

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The Tibetans living in India have frequently been described as a model diasporic community that despite difficult political and economic conditions managed to build over several decades not only an institutionalized administration but also something that might be called a welfare state. In my opinion, this positive image of Tibetan refugees is, on the one hand, an effect of Orientalist ideas according to which in the eyes of the people of the West Tibetans are still the spiritual representatives of the mythical land of Shangri - La. On the other hand, it is a certain form of Tibetans’ self-representation – result of a meticulous, self-reflexive managing of their public image. I claim that essentializing the “national identity” and politicizing the “Tibetan ethnicity” started to be the cores of the project whose aim is to allow the CTA and exile elites to build in India a united Tibetan nation, are the core elements of the exiled government’s project of building a united Tibetan nation in India However, these identity unifying efforts and processes of homogenization more and more often take the form of identity regimes. They promote the stereotypical version of Tibetan culture and in this way lead to the creation of a Tibetan hyperreality in which a “genuine Tibetan” is speaking Lhasa dialect, is a spiritual and peaceful Buddhist, humble and kind vegetarian who restrains from violence. I believe that promoting one authorized version of “being Tibetan” acts as an instrument of oppression, a regime that decides which forms of identification can be accepted as authentic and genuinely Tibetan. As a result, many potential, alternative and syncretic forms of identification and expression have been devalued and criticized. It is said that Tibetans paradoxically became prisoners of their own affirmation policy – prisoners of Shangri-La. The project of “preserving traditional culture” in reality became a tool of exclusion, repressing innovations and creativity, and resulting in a proliferation of conflicts in Tibetan communities.

목차

Abstract
Ideal refugees?
Refugees, foreigners or “Tibetan citizens”?
Enslaved to Shangri-La? Tools for creating Tibetan identity
Two Tibetan worlds
“Hungry ghosts”
Messengers of hybrid identifications
Bibliography

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UCI(KEPA) : I410-ECN-0101-2017-911-001989694