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Many recent readers have been troubled by the violence and lewdness of the language used in Ezekiel 16. The husband Yahweh"s horrific treatment of his wife Jerusalem is offensive to many. In this article I will closely read the text with the tools of feminist literary criticism to explore the problematic image of Yahweh. Then I will examine how the social and cultural context of the prophet and his audiences/readers functions in the construction and interpretation of the image of Yahweh. My aim is to show the validity of the metaphoric language of the prophet.
A close reading of the story in Ezekiel 16 reveals that the marital relationship between Yahweh and Jerusalem is similar to that of a domestic violence. The prophet Ezekiel utilizes the marriage metaphor to effectively indict Judah and deliver a shocking verdict of imminent disasters. To make the judgment proportionate to the sins of Judah, the prophet portrays Jerusalem as an ungrateful lewd woman and Yahweh as a husband who harshly punishes his wife for her infidelity. I argue that the offensiveness of the narrative originates from the marriage metaphor itself. Since a metaphor operates in shared experiences, Ezekiel’s marriage metaphor is necessarily derived from a patriarchal society which is of the prophet and his intended audiences. Some metaphors are timeless (e.g., "The Road Not Taken"), while some are not. Marriage metaphor in which men are privileged to control and even abuse women, has lost its validity among many readers. This kind of Yahweh’s image molded by the figurative language as seen in Ezekiel 16 is culturally bound. Such an image is destined to be broken and remolded in order to carry the intended message into a changed context. Otherwise it becomes an (literary) idol.
A close reading of the story in Ezekiel 16 reveals that the marital relationship between Yahweh and Jerusalem is similar to that of a domestic violence. The prophet Ezekiel utilizes the marriage metaphor to effectively indict Judah and deliver a shocking verdict of imminent disasters. To make the judgment proportionate to the sins of Judah, the prophet portrays Jerusalem as an ungrateful lewd woman and Yahweh as a husband who harshly punishes his wife for her infidelity. I argue that the offensiveness of the narrative originates from the marriage metaphor itself. Since a metaphor operates in shared experiences, Ezekiel’s marriage metaphor is necessarily derived from a patriarchal society which is of the prophet and his intended audiences. Some metaphors are timeless (e.g., "The Road Not Taken"), while some are not. Marriage metaphor in which men are privileged to control and even abuse women, has lost its validity among many readers. This kind of Yahweh’s image molded by the figurative language as seen in Ezekiel 16 is culturally bound. Such an image is destined to be broken and remolded in order to carry the intended message into a changed context. Otherwise it becomes an (literary) idol.
목차
1. 야웨와 예루살렘의 가정사 읽기
2. 상징적 이야기의 기능과 문제점
3. 상징의 유효성
4. 나가는 말
5. 참고문헌
참고문헌 (18)
참고문헌 신청
Amit, Yaira / 2001 / Reading Biblical Narratives / Fortress Press
Bibb, Bryan / 2014 / There’s no sex in your violence: Patriarchal translation in Ezekiel 16 and 23 / Review and Expositor 111(4):337~345
Chopp, Rebecca S. / 1991 / Shifting Boundaries / Westminster/John Knox Press :66~89
Darr, Katheryn Pfisterer / 1992 / Ezekiel’s Justifications of God: Teaching Troubling Texts / Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 55:97~117
Darr, Katheryn Pfisterer / 1992 / The Women's Bible Commentary / Westminster/John Knox :183~190
Bibb, Bryan / 2014 / There’s no sex in your violence: Patriarchal translation in Ezekiel 16 and 23 / Review and Expositor 111(4):337~345
Chopp, Rebecca S. / 1991 / Shifting Boundaries / Westminster/John Knox Press :66~89
Darr, Katheryn Pfisterer / 1992 / Ezekiel’s Justifications of God: Teaching Troubling Texts / Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 55:97~117
Darr, Katheryn Pfisterer / 1992 / The Women's Bible Commentary / Westminster/John Knox :183~190
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UCI(KEPA) : I410-ECN-0101-2019-023-000926178