지원사업
학술연구/단체지원/교육 등 연구자 활동을 지속하도록 DBpia가 지원하고 있어요.
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연구자들이 자신의 연구와 전문성을 널리 알리고, 새로운 협력의 기회를 만들 수 있는 네트워킹 공간이에요.
논문 기본 정보
- 자료유형
- 학술저널
- 저자정보
- 발행연도
- 2021.5
- 수록면
- 433 - 441 (9page)
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초록· 키워드
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Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) and its animal model, the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), are primarily characterized as dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Ginsenoside-Rg3-enriched Korean Red Ginseng extract (Rg3-KRGE) is known to exert neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative effects on neurological disorders. However, effects of Rg3-KRGE in EAE remain unclear.
Methods: Here, we investigated whether Rg3-KRGE may improve the symptoms and pathological features of myelin oligodendroglial glycoprotein (MOG)<SUB>35-55</SUB> peptide e induced chronic EAE mice through improving the integrity of the BBB.
Results: Rg3-KRGE decreased EAE score and spinal demyelination. Rg3-KRGE inhibited Evan’s blue dye leakage in spinal cord, suppressed increases of adhesion molecule platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1, extracellular matrix proteins fibronection, and matrix metallopeptidase-9, and prevented decreases of tight junction proteins zonula occludens-1, claudin-3, and claudin-5 in spinal cord following EAE induction. Rg3-KRGE repressed increases of proinflammatory transcripts cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, but enhanced expression levels of anti-inflammatory transcripts arginase-1 and IL-10 in the spinal cord following EAE induction. Rg3-KRGE inhibited the expression of oxidative stress markers (MitoSOX and 4-hydroxynonenal), the enhancement of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 2 (NOX2) and NOX4, and NADPH activity in the spinal cord of chronic EAE mice. Furthermore, apocynin, a NOX inhibitor, mimicked beneficial effects of Rg3-KRGE in chronic EAE mice.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that Rg3-KRGE might alleviate behavioral symptoms and pathological features of MS by improving BBB integrity through modulation of NOX2/4 expression.
Methods: Here, we investigated whether Rg3-KRGE may improve the symptoms and pathological features of myelin oligodendroglial glycoprotein (MOG)<SUB>35-55</SUB> peptide e induced chronic EAE mice through improving the integrity of the BBB.
Results: Rg3-KRGE decreased EAE score and spinal demyelination. Rg3-KRGE inhibited Evan’s blue dye leakage in spinal cord, suppressed increases of adhesion molecule platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1, extracellular matrix proteins fibronection, and matrix metallopeptidase-9, and prevented decreases of tight junction proteins zonula occludens-1, claudin-3, and claudin-5 in spinal cord following EAE induction. Rg3-KRGE repressed increases of proinflammatory transcripts cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, but enhanced expression levels of anti-inflammatory transcripts arginase-1 and IL-10 in the spinal cord following EAE induction. Rg3-KRGE inhibited the expression of oxidative stress markers (MitoSOX and 4-hydroxynonenal), the enhancement of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 2 (NOX2) and NOX4, and NADPH activity in the spinal cord of chronic EAE mice. Furthermore, apocynin, a NOX inhibitor, mimicked beneficial effects of Rg3-KRGE in chronic EAE mice.
Conclusion: Our findings suggest that Rg3-KRGE might alleviate behavioral symptoms and pathological features of MS by improving BBB integrity through modulation of NOX2/4 expression.
목차
ABSTRACT
1. Introduction
2. Materials and methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
References
참고문헌 (60)
참고문헌 신청
D endrou CA / 2015 / Immunopathology of multiple sclerosis / Nat Rev Immunol 15:545~558
Levin MC / 2014 / Developing a therapeutic plan for treating MS : evidence for new treatments / J Clin Psychiatry 75:e34
Constantinescu CS / 2011 / Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE)as a model for multiple sclerosis(MS) / Br J Pharmacol 164:1079~1106
Burrows DJ / 2019 / Animal models of multiple sclerosis : from rodents to zebrafish / Mult Scler 25:306~324
Brambilla R / 2019 / The contribution of astrocytes to the neuroinflammatory response in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis / Acta Neuropathol 137(5):757~783
Levin MC / 2014 / Developing a therapeutic plan for treating MS : evidence for new treatments / J Clin Psychiatry 75:e34
Constantinescu CS / 2011 / Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE)as a model for multiple sclerosis(MS) / Br J Pharmacol 164:1079~1106
Burrows DJ / 2019 / Animal models of multiple sclerosis : from rodents to zebrafish / Mult Scler 25:306~324
Brambilla R / 2019 / The contribution of astrocytes to the neuroinflammatory response in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis / Acta Neuropathol 137(5):757~783
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