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The Effect of Tax Reform on the User Costs of Housing Capital in Korea
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세제개편이 주택자산의 자본의 사용자비용에 미치는 효과

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Type
Academic journal
Author
Kyung P. Kim (원광대학교)
Journal
The Korean Taxation Association 세무학연구 세무학연구 제33권 제1호 KCI Accredited Journals
Published
2016.1
Pages
201 - 236 (36page)

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The Effect of Tax Reform on the User Costs of Housing Capital in Korea
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This study established a user cost of housing capital estimation formula in line with South Korea’s unique housing market structure and complicated reality taxation, and analyzed a clear cost effect according to the tax system. It was found that the user cost of housing capital was the most significantly influenced by housing price increase rates and rent increase rates, and when these prices surged, it generally showed minus values. The user cost of capital for middle-class people owning a home was not significantly influenced due to low average effective tax rates. The rental cost of capital has a negative correlation with the income marginal tax rates, and a positive correlation with the transfer marginal tax rates;this correlation becomes more distinctive as the income tax’s and capital gain tax’s marginal tax rates increase. However, in 1997 when an economic crisis hit the country, the effects of income tax and capital gain tax turned out the other way around. Specifically, although the income marginal tax rate increased or the capital gain marginal tax rate decreased, the rental cost of capital rose. Another particular point is that the cost effect according to the same income tax rate changes was greater in lower transfer tax rates, and that the cost effect of the same transfer tax rate changes was greater in the higher income tax rates. Thus, if the government intends to use its taxation policy in changing the cost effect of the rental housing suppliers, when it is deemed that the rental housing suppliers’ income marginal tax rates and transfer tax rates are higher, it would be more effective to choose the transfer tax system than the income tax system. On the other hand, if the income tax rates and the transfer tax rates are deemed lower, the adjustment of the income tax system should be first considered. The cost effects according to tax reform are summarized as follows. The transfer tax support policy for registered rental housing suppliers, in the period of 1986~2001, decreased the rental cost of capital(RC1) by 2.8~3.1%p. The transfer tax revision and the adoption of the comprehensive real estate holding tax in 2003 and 2005 increased the rental cost of capital(RC1~RC3) by 0.75~1.55%p according to rental housing supplier types. This study found that the estimated rental cost of capital was considerably correlated with the new housing construction quantity. Thus, this study will allow the government to change the capital cost of house assets through tax policy, thus contributing to stably securing the residential service supply.

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