본 논문은 대구에 위치한 관음사(觀音寺)에 봉안되어있는 목조보살상의 복장유물에 대한 연구이다. 이 보살상의 복장에서는 조성발원문(1727년)1점, 시주질 1점, 개금기 1점, 후령통 1점, 그리고 다량의 『대방광불화엄경소』(송광사판, 1635년), 『묘법연화경』, 그리고 약 3000장에 달하는 『일체여래비밀보협다라니』, 『보협진언』다라니 등의 유물이 발견되었다.
이에 따라 먼저 제2장에서는 목조보살상 복장품의 종류와 특징을 파악해보고, 제3장에서는 목조보살상의 불교미술사적 의의를 살펴보았다.
그 결과 첫째, 조성발원문과 시주질을 통하여 관음사 목조보살좌상은 당대 최고의 조각승 ‘하천(夏天)’이 1727년에 조성한 목조보살상임이 밝혀지게 되어 18세기 불교조각사 편년 연구에 크게 기여 할 수 있게 되었다. 또한 이 보살상은 원래 칠곡 송림사 명부전에 봉안이 되었으나 어떤 이유에서인지 현재 관음사로 모시게 되었다는 것을 살펴볼 수 있었다.
둘째, 황초폭자에 오색실로 묶어 싸여있던 후령통은 조선 후반기 전형적인 원통형식으로 통 안에는 5약, 5곡, 5보 등이 들어있는 오보병이 있는데 이는 조상경 에 의거한 복장의식에 따라 구현했음을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 청동으로 동쪽은 방형, 남쪽은 삼각형, 서쪽은 원형, 북쪽은 반달형으로 오방경을 조각하여 연잎형의 뚜껑에 구멍을 뚫어 주색 실로 매달아 놓았는데 매우 장식적으로 표현하였다. 또한 황초폭자에는 주서로 ‘증명 신승, 쾌선’ 이라 쓰여 있어 후령통을 조성한 증명 스님은 ‘신승’과 ‘쾌선’이라는 사실도 알 수 있었고 ‘신승’은 동화사 삼세불상 복장 후령통을 싼 보자기에도 증명으로 적혀 있어서 그 연관성을 추정할 수 있었다.
셋째, 다량으로 안립된 불교전적은 1662년 인경된『대방광불화엄경소』(송광사판), 1531년 간기가 있는 『묘법연화경』, 1657년 간기가 기록된『일체여래비밀보협다라니』등이 있었다. 특히 대방광불화엄경소 는 1662년에 인경하여 칠곡 송림사에 봉안한 것으로 65년 후인 1727년에 이 판본을 보살상 복장품으로 넣은 것으로 파악되었다. 그리고 『묘법연화경』권7 말미에는 1531년 경상북도 영천군 공산 본사 간기가 있고 이 경은 은해사본일 가능성이 있어 비교적 이른 시기에 간행된 중요한 『묘법연화경』으로 그 가치를 살펴 볼 수 있었다. 또한 『일체여래비밀보협다라니』에도 목판을 판각한 ‘순치14년 정미 6월일 칠곡 송림사 발원간’이라는 간기가 적혀 있어 다라니의 조성연대를 알 수 있는 희귀한 예로 전적 연구에 크게 중요시되었다.
이렇게 관음사 목조보살상 복장에 안립된 조성발원문, 시주질, 후령통과 『대방광불화엄경소』, 『묘법연화경』, 『일체여래비밀보협다라니』, 『보협진언』 등을 다각도로 파악하여 조선시대 불상 복장유물 연구에 크게 기여할 수 있는 계기가 되었다.
This is a study on the Chest-inside Artifact relics of the wooden Bodhisattva statue enshrined in Gwaneum-sa temple (觀音寺) located in Daegu. From the Chest-inside Artifacts of this Bodhisattva statue, a large number of relics such as 1 production prayer statement (1727), 1 list of donation, 1 Gaegeumgi, 1 Throat-bell container, “Daebanggwangbul-Hwaeomgyeongso” (Saonggwang-sa temple version, 1635), the “Lotus Sutra”, and about 3,000 sheets of “Sarvatathagatadhisthanahrdayaguhyadhaturatnakarandamudradharanisutra” and “Bohyeop- jineon” Darani were discovered.
Accordingly, in Chapter 2, we first identified the types and characteristics of the wooden Bodhisattva statue Chest-inside Artifacts, and in Chapter 3, we looked at the significance of the wooden Bodhisattva statue in the Buddhist art history.
In the results, first, through the production prayer statement and list of donations, it was revealed that the wooden bodhisattva statue seated in Gwaneum-sa temple was a wooden Bodhisattva statue produced in 1727 by the best sculptor monk of the time, ‘Hacheon (夏天)’, which makes a significant contribution to chronological research on the history of Buddhist sculpture in the 18th century. Also, it was found that this Bodhisattva statue was originally enshrined in the memorial hall of Chilgok Songrim-sa temple but that for some reason, it was currently enshrined in Gwaneum-sa temple.
Second, the Throat-bell container wrapped with five-color thread in Hwangchopokja has Ohbobyeong, a typical cylindrical vessel from the late Joseon Dynasty that contains 5 medicines, 5 grains, and 5 treasures, from which it was found that it was implemented according to the Chest-inside Artifact ritual based on “Josanggyeong”. OhBangGyeong was carved in bronze with a square shape on the east, a triangle on the south, a circle on the west, and a half-moon shape on the north, and a hole was drilled in the lotus leaf-shaped lid and hung with vermilion thread, which was expressed very decoratively. Also, since ‘Jeungmyeong Shinseung, Kwaeseon’ is written in red in Hwangchopokja, it was also seen that the monk Jeungmyeong who produced the throat-bell container was ‘Shinseung’ and ‘Kwaeseon’. ‘Shinseung’ was also written as Jeungmyeong on the cloth wrapping the Donghwa-sa temple Three Buddhas Statue Chest-inside Artifact Throat-bell container, so the connection could be inferred.
Third, Buddhist records enshrined in large quantities included “Daebanggwangbul- Hwaeomgyeongso” (Saonggwang-sa temple version) written in 1662, the “Lotus Sutra” with an imprint in 1531, and “Sarvatathagatadhisthanahrdayaguhyadhaturatnakarandamudradharanisutra” with an imprint in 1657. In particular, the “Daebanggwangbul-Hwaeomgyeongso” was engraved in 1662 and enshrined in Chilgok Songrim-sa temple, and 65 years later, in 1727, it was discovered that this version was included as the Bodhisattva statue Chest-inside Artifacts. And at the end of the “Lotus Sutra” volume 7, there is an imprint of the Gongsan headquarters temple in Yeongcheon-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do in 1531, and this scripture is likely to be the Eunhae-sa temple version, so its value could be examined as the important “Lotus Sutra” published relatively early on. Also, since there is an imprint of ‘Suchi year 14, Jeongmi 6, Chilgok Songrim-sa temple production-prayer imprint’ written on a woodblock in “Sarvatathagatadhisthanahrdayaguhyadhaturatnakarandamudradharanisutra”, this has been of great importance for historical research as for a rare example of the date of Darani's production.
In this way, the production prayer statement, list of donation, and throat-bell container enshrined in the Chest-inside Artifacts of the wooden Bodhisattva statue at Gwaneum-sa temple was an opportunity to greatly contribute to the study of Buddha statue Chest-inside Artifact relics during the Joseon Dynasty through understanding “Daebanggwangbul- Hwaeomgyeongso”, the “Lotus Sutra”, “Sarvatathagatadhisthanahrdayaguhyadhaturatnakarandamudradharanisutra”, and “Bohyeop-jineon” from various angles.