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This study is an attempt to explain the Sheng-yuian policy and activities of the Sheng-yuian in the late Ming Dynasty.
Because Hung-wu (洪武), Emperor I of Ming Dynacty, brought all educational system under the government control, i. e. the provincial government schools, the existence of the Shing-yuian became all the more important. Its significance lied in training and supplying bureaucracy, and preserving Confucianism. After Hung-wu some contradictions began to arise out of the Sheng-yuian system. The government established the former provincial literary chancellor (T'i-hsueh-kuan, 提學宮) in 1436, to remedy the aberration of the Sheng-yuian system.
The chancellor made an inspection-tour through every province once a year, inspecting the administration of the provincial government schools and the discipline of the scholar-class in each area. But it was hard for a chancellor to inspect them. Chang chue-cheng (張居正, 1525~82), the prime minister of Ming Dynasty, prepared the Sheng-yuian policy for the Sheng-yuiabn's upbringing and direction in 1575. But the chancellor was the executor of the policy and he was responsible for executing the policy. Therefore it was almost impossible for a chancellor to tour round the vast province and the effects he produced opon the Sheng-yuian was too meager to keep the institutions in his province under control. And that the Sheng-yuian's participation in social activities became very active and finally under the late Ming Dynasty the activities developed into group activities.
The ultimate aim of the Sheng-yuian, as was the case with the gentry, was to secure a position, and he had an ambition to better his circumstances, finally to reach the upper class. But the possibility was so scarce that the Sheng-yuian's nature turned exclusive and his position was fixed and static. In the late Ming Dynasty the Sheng-yuian became even more gross and coarse and Li-chien-sheng(例監生) increased in number. After Chia-ching(嘉靖) most of Chien-sheng(監生) began to rusticate and they formed the scholar-class in each country, with the Sheng-yuian.
Because Hung-wu (洪武), Emperor I of Ming Dynacty, brought all educational system under the government control, i. e. the provincial government schools, the existence of the Shing-yuian became all the more important. Its significance lied in training and supplying bureaucracy, and preserving Confucianism. After Hung-wu some contradictions began to arise out of the Sheng-yuian system. The government established the former provincial literary chancellor (T'i-hsueh-kuan, 提學宮) in 1436, to remedy the aberration of the Sheng-yuian system.
The chancellor made an inspection-tour through every province once a year, inspecting the administration of the provincial government schools and the discipline of the scholar-class in each area. But it was hard for a chancellor to inspect them. Chang chue-cheng (張居正, 1525~82), the prime minister of Ming Dynasty, prepared the Sheng-yuian policy for the Sheng-yuiabn's upbringing and direction in 1575. But the chancellor was the executor of the policy and he was responsible for executing the policy. Therefore it was almost impossible for a chancellor to tour round the vast province and the effects he produced opon the Sheng-yuian was too meager to keep the institutions in his province under control. And that the Sheng-yuian's participation in social activities became very active and finally under the late Ming Dynasty the activities developed into group activities.
The ultimate aim of the Sheng-yuian, as was the case with the gentry, was to secure a position, and he had an ambition to better his circumstances, finally to reach the upper class. But the possibility was so scarce that the Sheng-yuian's nature turned exclusive and his position was fixed and static. In the late Ming Dynasty the Sheng-yuian became even more gross and coarse and Li-chien-sheng(例監生) increased in number. After Chia-ching(嘉靖) most of Chien-sheng(監生) began to rusticate and they formed the scholar-class in each country, with the Sheng-yuian.
목차
一. 緖論
二. 政策樹立의 動機
三. 地方敎育振興策
四. 結論
Abstract
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