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학술연구/단체지원/교육 등 연구자 활동을 지속하도록 DBpia가 지원하고 있어요.
커뮤니티
연구자들이 자신의 연구와 전문성을 널리 알리고, 새로운 협력의 기회를 만들 수 있는 네트워킹 공간이에요.
초록· 키워드
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Henry James was worried about his identity as a writer, when he was busy on transatlantic journeys in his twenties. His concern was how to meet Europe as an American novelist, as well as how to accept the American cultural heritage of romanticism and puritanism of New England. To excuse himself of choosing Europe, not America as his workplace, he borrowed the Arnoldian terms such as 'culture: 'disinterestedness: 'criticism: 'cosmo-politanism,' etc. by which, in Hawthorne (1879), the critical biography of Nathaniel Hawthorne, he criticized two literary predecessors, Hawthorne and Ralph Waldo Emerson.
Considering the Civil War as the turning point in the American mind, James defined such Americans before the war as Hawthorne and Emerson to be 'old-fashioned' and distinguish them from the following generation including himself. He criticized them for puritanical and patriotic attitudes toward the other culture. Assuming their provincial life and experience limited in New England caused the narrow Americanism, he rejected both Emerson's optimistic individualism and Hawthorne's patriotic position in thought and literature. Instead, he proposed the 'critical' and cosmopolitan citizen as the good American.
Although he opposed Hawthorne's allegory and romance, James approved of his ironic distance in the novels. He thought that Hawthorne, by irony, was able to portray the scopes of morality and psychology, the land of mystery and shade. He regarded 'irony' of great value proper for Realism. James said the ironic novelists have to be an intellectual observer when they intend to represent things or situations more correctly. James seems to accept Hawthorne's psychological concern fully in his heart, and his works are full of ironic observers of fine intelligence and sensibility. They are James's ideal citizens, the good Americans after the Civil War.
Considering the Civil War as the turning point in the American mind, James defined such Americans before the war as Hawthorne and Emerson to be 'old-fashioned' and distinguish them from the following generation including himself. He criticized them for puritanical and patriotic attitudes toward the other culture. Assuming their provincial life and experience limited in New England caused the narrow Americanism, he rejected both Emerson's optimistic individualism and Hawthorne's patriotic position in thought and literature. Instead, he proposed the 'critical' and cosmopolitan citizen as the good American.
Although he opposed Hawthorne's allegory and romance, James approved of his ironic distance in the novels. He thought that Hawthorne, by irony, was able to portray the scopes of morality and psychology, the land of mystery and shade. He regarded 'irony' of great value proper for Realism. James said the ironic novelists have to be an intellectual observer when they intend to represent things or situations more correctly. James seems to accept Hawthorne's psychological concern fully in his heart, and his works are full of ironic observers of fine intelligence and sensibility. They are James's ideal citizens, the good Americans after the Civil War.
목차
Ⅰ. 서론
Ⅱ. 구시대에 대한 반성--호손과 에머슨 비판
Ⅲ. 새로운 미국인과 “복잡한 운명”
Ⅳ. 알레고리를 넘어 아이러니의 미학으로
Ⅴ. 결론
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