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Translations of Japanese novels usually involve a mixture of literal and liberal translations for Japanese distinct vocabulary, grammar, expressions, and especially Japanese verbs for offering and receiving expressions. Among Japanese offering and receiving expressions, auxiliary verbs “∼te ageru,” “∼te kureru,” and “∼te morau” will be more closely dealt to analyze the characteristics and tendencies within translations.
The three auxiliary verbs mentioned above do not only translate literally into "～어/아 주다" and "∼ 어/아 받다," but to many other expressions as well.
First of all, “∼te ageru” can be translated into "～아/어 주다" or be paraphrased into another expression. Translations into "∼아/어 주다" usually involve situations of giving benefit and grace. " ∼ Te kureru" can be translated into four different patterns which are "～아/어 주다," liberal translation, "～아/어 달라고 하다," and omittance. "Grace" is the basic premise for "～아/어 주다." Translated sentences with meanings of "offer, favor" are based on the usage of "∼te kureru" in the original text. Other words that are frequently liberally translated can be divided into when the meaning of the auxiliary verb is dropped, when the main verb and the auxiliary verb are both omitted, and when the meaning of the main verb is dropped. The meaning of the auxiliary verb can be dropped in many situations including when a positive situation can be inferred looking only at the phrase, context, and the main verb; when the situation does not involve giving grace; when the text is translated to mean "command, offer, request;" when the original text is ended with "∼te iru" verb; and when repetition is trying to be avoided. Also, sentences that use particle "と" with "∼te kureru" verb often translate into "～아/어 달라고 하다." "∼Te morau" can be liberally translated, be translated to "～아/어 주다" and "～ 아/어 받다," , be used as honorific causative verb, and be translated into "∼아/어 달라고 하다." Liberal translations are used the most amongst the three auxiliary verbs. When auxiliary verbs for movements like "talking and listening" and "teaching and being taught" or when mutually related verbs are used for liberal translations, there is a tendency of the main verb and the auxiliary verb being dropped. In addition, "～아/어주다" is mainly used with particle "ni" and "～아/어 받다" expressions usually require involvement of other persons. For honorific causative verbs, the subject and agent noun are often reversed.
The three auxiliary verbs mentioned above do not only translate literally into "～어/아 주다" and "∼ 어/아 받다," but to many other expressions as well.
First of all, “∼te ageru” can be translated into "～아/어 주다" or be paraphrased into another expression. Translations into "∼아/어 주다" usually involve situations of giving benefit and grace. " ∼ Te kureru" can be translated into four different patterns which are "～아/어 주다," liberal translation, "～아/어 달라고 하다," and omittance. "Grace" is the basic premise for "～아/어 주다." Translated sentences with meanings of "offer, favor" are based on the usage of "∼te kureru" in the original text. Other words that are frequently liberally translated can be divided into when the meaning of the auxiliary verb is dropped, when the main verb and the auxiliary verb are both omitted, and when the meaning of the main verb is dropped. The meaning of the auxiliary verb can be dropped in many situations including when a positive situation can be inferred looking only at the phrase, context, and the main verb; when the situation does not involve giving grace; when the text is translated to mean "command, offer, request;" when the original text is ended with "∼te iru" verb; and when repetition is trying to be avoided. Also, sentences that use particle "と" with "∼te kureru" verb often translate into "～아/어 달라고 하다." "∼Te morau" can be liberally translated, be translated to "～아/어 주다" and "～ 아/어 받다," , be used as honorific causative verb, and be translated into "∼아/어 달라고 하다." Liberal translations are used the most amongst the three auxiliary verbs. When auxiliary verbs for movements like "talking and listening" and "teaching and being taught" or when mutually related verbs are used for liberal translations, there is a tendency of the main verb and the auxiliary verb being dropped. In addition, "～아/어주다" is mainly used with particle "ni" and "～아/어 받다" expressions usually require involvement of other persons. For honorific causative verbs, the subject and agent noun are often reversed.
목차
Abstract
1. はじめに
2. 先行研究および研究方法
3. 調査結果
4. 結論
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UCI(KEPA) : I410-ECN-0101-2018-020-000864998