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논문 기본 정보

자료유형
학술저널
저자정보
박재우 (성균관대학교)
저널정보
수선사학회 사림 사림 제74호
발행연도
2020.1
수록면
173 - 212 (40page)

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King Chungseon of Koryo reorganized Kukhak into Sungkyunkam and Sungkyunkwan during the two bureaucratic reforms. The name called Sungkyun reflected the political perspective of King Chungseon. The Kukhak of King Chungryeol was established with the aim of pursuing the reconstruction of national university. Kukhak was the name used by King Seongjong, who was trying to make bureaucrats who had the Confucian education. This goal is also included in the name of the Kukjakam. The name of Kukjakam was used because it was intended to create a Confucian state by educating the sons of the country through the Confucian education. King Chungseon needed a reorganization of the bureaucracy and recruitment of human resources to implement the reform politics. Sungkyunkam and Sungkyunkwan were the terms chosen from the will to cultivate people talent. Sungkyun of the Zhouli contains the idea of cultivating talented individuals with qualities that are not excessive or lacking. This was the reason King Chungseon adopted the name of Sungkyun. In addition, Koryo had a custom of calling Kukjakam as Sungkyun. So, the term Sungkyun was not unfamiliar. The organization of the national university has also changed as the educational ideology has changed from the ideology of the sons of the country to the ideology of Sungkyun. Sungkyunkwan was made by reducing the organization of Kukhak of the King Chungryeol. King Seongjong's Kukhak and Kukjakam were established as Confucian colleges. However, King Munjong has expanded to include the Faculty of Confucian and the Faculty of Technology. King Chungryeol reorganized the Kukjakam to Kukhak to promote Confucianism, but it was a comprehensive university. The same was true of Sungkyunkam. However, Sungkyunkwan reorganized it from a comprehensive university to a Confucian college. It was reorganized into Kukjakam in King Kongmin, then became Sungkyunkwan, and was passed down to Choseon. The realistic goal of college education was to cultivate talents who can become bureaucrats through the civil service examination. So, the education system and the bureaucracy selection system had to be linked. King Yejong adopted the Song dynasty’s system and placed the Seven lectures for each major, separate from the Faculty of Confucian. The students of the Seven lectures benefited from the civil service examination if they received good grades in conduct, schoolwork, or exams. This system was established in Koryeo society. Sungkyunkwan also inherited these systems. It was because this system came out with the intention of strengthening the Confucian education, and it was suitable as the education method of Sungkyunkwan, the Confucian college.
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