지원사업
학술연구/단체지원/교육 등 연구자 활동을 지속하도록 DBpia가 지원하고 있어요.
커뮤니티
연구자들이 자신의 연구와 전문성을 널리 알리고, 새로운 협력의 기회를 만들 수 있는 네트워킹 공간이에요.
초록· 키워드
오류제보하기
This paper analyzed from silla census registers written at 815 to the land and the population data of 19th century, and calculated the cultivation area per person and per household, a land productivity and a labor productivity. Its results appeared that the cultivation area per person and per household decreased with the time descending. The cultivation area per person of 19th century decreased 43% than 9th century's and the cultivation area per household decreased 39%. The land productivity and labor productivity increased in the other side. When we compared the land productivity and the labor productivity of 9th century and 19th century, land productivity per 10a increased above 10 times, labor productivity per person increased 4.4 times and labor productivity per 10a increased 4 times. Land productivity per 10a increased 0.23%, the labor productivity per person 0.15% and labor productivity per household 0.14% at compound interest.
Until the period of Three kingdoms, the increasing rate of labor productivity was higher than the increasing rate of land productivity relatively. As its result, the demand for a work became higher and the slave society could be formed. But the labor productivity per person was lower than a slave's life cost. and the scale of landowning was small. The formation of private landowning relationship was also feeble with restriction of light agricultural technique. Even the prisoners of war did not be made as slave and most of them were murdered. The slave-owning society could not be formed because the rate of slave population was low among the entire population before Silla unification. As the increasing rate of labor productivity was higher than the increasing rate of land productivity relatively, the governing against the person became dominant and characteristic.
After the unification of three kingdoms, the increasing rate of land productivity was higher than the increasing rate of labor productivity relatively. AS its results, the land system and the taxes system by the land area was formed and the accumulating of the land increased. As the powerful class accumulated the land, the class who lost the land and fall down to slave increased. According to Silla census registers, 5.4% of the resident populations was slave until 815.
Koryo dynasty chose the tax system of a fixed rate by land area unit and Jonsigwa(田柴科) system. The formation of tenant system showed that labor productivity per a person arrived in doubling of tenant's living costs. In the latter period of Koryo dynasty and the former period of Chosun dynasty, the development of fertilization method made to plant consecutively and increased the land productivity. And the desire for a landowning increased the enlargement of the influential family's farm enough to make mountains and rivers guard line. With the enforcement of kwajon(科田) law, there was the reform of land system but governing class's land accumulation increased rather in Chosun dynasty. By these causes, the many farmers lost their own land and fell down to become a slave. 1/3 of Chosun' entire populations was slave. The farmers who lose their land did not become the tenant but slave. This was because labor productivity increased higher and the labor supply was more than labor demand in agriculture.
In the late Chosun dynasty, land productivity and labor productivity increased much more. Land productivity increased with 522% in the mid Chosun dynasty and with 1033% in the late than 9th century. Labor productivity increased 272% until the mid term of Chosun, 422% until its late term. The transplantation of rice seedlings made to cultivate land wider than the past. The decrease of labor demand made the farmer who lose his owen land to the worker for wages. The increase of labor productivity and land productivity diminished the slave population and finally slave system was abolished at 1894.
Through the above investigation, we can know the increasing rate of labor productivity was higher than the increasing rate of land productivity before the unification of three kingdoms, but the land productivity increased rapidly after the unification in opposition and reached the degree to support the industrial population of non-agriculture portion in the late Chosun period. Therefore, we can conclude that the society from the bronze period to three kingdoms period was the ancient society in Korean history and the society from the Unified Silla to the late period of Chosun dynasty was medieval society.
Until the period of Three kingdoms, the increasing rate of labor productivity was higher than the increasing rate of land productivity relatively. As its result, the demand for a work became higher and the slave society could be formed. But the labor productivity per person was lower than a slave's life cost. and the scale of landowning was small. The formation of private landowning relationship was also feeble with restriction of light agricultural technique. Even the prisoners of war did not be made as slave and most of them were murdered. The slave-owning society could not be formed because the rate of slave population was low among the entire population before Silla unification. As the increasing rate of labor productivity was higher than the increasing rate of land productivity relatively, the governing against the person became dominant and characteristic.
After the unification of three kingdoms, the increasing rate of land productivity was higher than the increasing rate of labor productivity relatively. AS its results, the land system and the taxes system by the land area was formed and the accumulating of the land increased. As the powerful class accumulated the land, the class who lost the land and fall down to slave increased. According to Silla census registers, 5.4% of the resident populations was slave until 815.
Koryo dynasty chose the tax system of a fixed rate by land area unit and Jonsigwa(田柴科) system. The formation of tenant system showed that labor productivity per a person arrived in doubling of tenant's living costs. In the latter period of Koryo dynasty and the former period of Chosun dynasty, the development of fertilization method made to plant consecutively and increased the land productivity. And the desire for a landowning increased the enlargement of the influential family's farm enough to make mountains and rivers guard line. With the enforcement of kwajon(科田) law, there was the reform of land system but governing class's land accumulation increased rather in Chosun dynasty. By these causes, the many farmers lost their own land and fell down to become a slave. 1/3 of Chosun' entire populations was slave. The farmers who lose their land did not become the tenant but slave. This was because labor productivity increased higher and the labor supply was more than labor demand in agriculture.
In the late Chosun dynasty, land productivity and labor productivity increased much more. Land productivity increased with 522% in the mid Chosun dynasty and with 1033% in the late than 9th century. Labor productivity increased 272% until the mid term of Chosun, 422% until its late term. The transplantation of rice seedlings made to cultivate land wider than the past. The decrease of labor demand made the farmer who lose his owen land to the worker for wages. The increase of labor productivity and land productivity diminished the slave population and finally slave system was abolished at 1894.
Through the above investigation, we can know the increasing rate of labor productivity was higher than the increasing rate of land productivity before the unification of three kingdoms, but the land productivity increased rapidly after the unification in opposition and reached the degree to support the industrial population of non-agriculture portion in the late Chosun period. Therefore, we can conclude that the society from the bronze period to three kingdoms period was the ancient society in Korean history and the society from the Unified Silla to the late period of Chosun dynasty was medieval society.
목차
Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. 新羅統一期 및 高麗時代 農業에서 土地生?性과 勞動生?性
Ⅲ. 朝鮮時代 農業에서 土地生?性과 勞動生?性
Ⅳ. 韓國 古ㆍ中世 農業에서 生?性의 變動과 그 歷史的 意味
Ⅴ. 맺음말
ABSTRACT
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