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Neighborhood Living Facilities in a Smart City
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스마트 도시에서의 근린생활시설

논문 기본 정보

Type
Academic journal
Author
Kim Jong-bo (서울대학교) Kim Eun-jung (서울대학교)
Journal
Korea Administrative Law And Practice Association ADMINISTRATIVE LAW JOURNAL No.68 KCI Accredited Journals
Published
2022.8
Pages
303 - 328 (26page)
DOI
10.35979/ALJ.2022.08.68.303

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Neighborhood Living Facilities in a Smart City
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Land and building use regulation is a reference point for organizing and managing urban space. Zoning and district unit plans are used to assign land use and calculate the type and size of infrastructure required for the relevant activities. If there is a close relationship between activities, they are arranged in according proximity, and conflicting activities are separated by roads or parks. Land use regulations specify the building use and activities in corresponding areas, which then dictate the permit requirements for each building.
Among them, dwelling is the starting point of use regulation. The population accommodated in an urban space is determined by the size of the residential area, the number of lots, and the density of development. Depending on the value of the residential environment, the density of development, the type of infrastructure, and the adjacent use areas thus vary. From “exclusive residential areas” that strongly protect the comfort and tranquility of the residential environment to “semi residential areas” that prioritize high convenience, there exist many subdivisions of development. Commercial areas are designed to maintain easy access from surrounding residential areas so that the population and goods can move efficiently. Manufacturing areas that generate noise and dust pollution are designed to be separated from residential areas to perform production activities away from people"s residences.
Therefore, when the pattern of dwelling, which is the starting point, changes, the regulation of the urban planning legislation begins to deviate little by little from the actual use of urban space. As the relationship between zone activities and infrastructure evolves, the content of building use to perform and support the functions of each urban space also changes. The site that shows the most change is the “neighborhood living facility”, which designates commercial facilities for residential convenience. As our daily lives and routines conform closer and closer to that of smart cities, we are experiencing a lesser need for the use of neighborhood living facilities.
People are increasingly using services that do not require physical space, such as online shopping platforms. As online service usage expands, it becomes less necessary for neighborhood living facilities to be located within walking distance from people"s residences. The premise of the regulation of locating neighborhood living facilities in residential areas by limiting the business scale in order not to harm the tranquility of the residential area is also difficult to maintain as various smart services are actively used. Physical services that have historically been provided through neighborhood living facilities are slowly becoming obsolete because online services, which are not limited by structure and size, are becoming more common.
Of course, our existence presupposes a physical space, so the fact that positing relevant facilities in adjacent locations is an arrangement for efficient land use will not change. However, it will become increasingly difficult to uniformly list the limited-scale convenience facilities required near the residence for residents" convenience in urban planning. As smart technology and services become more advanced, the practical benefits of creating a separate group for neighborhood living facilities will disappear.

도시계획 법제의 용도 규제는 도시 공간을 구성하고 관리하는 기준점이다. 용도지역제 도시계획과 지구단위계획을 통해 토지에 용도를 부여하고 해당 활동에 필요한 기반시설의 종류와 규모를 산정한다. 활동간 긴밀한 관련이 있으면 연접하여 배치하고, 상충되는 활동은 도로나 공원 등으로 분리시킨다. 해당 용도지역에서 수행되는 주된 활동과 이를 지원하는 활동들은 건축물 용도에 반영되어 개별 건축물의 허가요건으로 작동한다.
그 중 ‘주거’는 용도규제의 출발점이다. 도시 공간의 수용인구는 주거지역의 면적, 필지의 수, 개발밀도에 의해 결정된다. 추구하고자 하는 주거환경의 가치에 따라 개발밀도, 기반시설의 종류, 연접하는 용도지역 등이 달라진다. 이는 주거환경의 쾌적성, 평온함을 강하게 보호하는 전용주거지역에서부터 편리성을 높게 추구하는 준주거지역까지 세분되어 설계된다. 상업지역은 주변 주거지로부터의 접근성을 확보하여 유동 인구와 물자가 효율적으로 이동할 수 있도록 계획된다. 소음, 매연, 분진 등의 공해를 발생시키는 공업지역은 주거지와의 분리를 기조로 효율적인 생산활동이 수행되도록 계획된다.
그러므로 출발점인 주거의 양상이 변화하면 실제 수행되는 도시 공간의 이용 형태와 도시계획 법제의 규제가 조금씩 어긋나기 시작한다. 용도지역과 기반시설을 배치하기 위해 파악한 활동 간의 관계가 달라지고, 각 도시 공간의 기능을 수행하고 지원하기 위한 건축물 용도의 내용 또한 변화한다. 그 대표적인 예가 근린생활시설이다. 스마트 도시로의 진입이 주거를 기반으로 한 우리의 일상생활을 변화시키고, 이는 근린생활시설 용도군의 전제조건을 무너뜨리고 있다.
온라인으로의 연결로 물리적 이동으로부터 자유로워지면서 물리적 공간을 필요치 않은 시설이 증가한다. 개별 서비스별로 이용하는 소비자의 범위, 필요한 기반시설 등이 달라져 주거지로부터 도보권에 위치한 입지조건이 부적합한 근린생활시설도 증가하고 있다. 바닥면적을 제한하여 주거지의 평온을 해치지 않는 선에서 상업시설들을 위치시킨다는 전제 또한 스마트 서비스가 고도화될수록 유지되기 어렵다. 근린생활시설을 통해 제공되던 서비스들이 온라인 공간을 매개하여 물리적 시설의 구조와 규모에 제한되지 않고 제공되고 있고, 이와 같은 변화는 가속화될 것이다.
물론 우리의 실존은 물리적 공간을 전제로 하므로 인접하여 위치한 것이 효율적 토지이용을 위한 배치라는 사실은 변하지 않을 것이다. 다만, 근린생활시설 개념이 실제 건축물의 쓰임새가 아닌 주거에 필요한 생활 편의시설의 목록이므로 주거지 가까운 곳에 적정한 규모로 배치시켜야 하겠다는 행정청 판단의 정확도가 떨어질 것이라는 의미이다. 스마트 기술과 서비스가 고도화될수록 근린생활시설 용도군을 별도로 만들어야 하는 실익은 점점 사라질 것이다.
#스마트 도시 #도시계획 #용도지역 #건축물 용도 #O2O 서비스 #근린생활시설 #Smart city #Urban planning #Zoning #Building use #O2O service #Neighborhood living facilities

Contents

국문초록
Ⅰ. 서론
Ⅱ. 도시계획법제의 용도 규제
Ⅲ. 근린생활시설 용도의 특수성
Ⅳ. 스마트 도시에서의 근린생활시설 변화
Ⅴ. 결론 - 근린생활시설 규제의 한계와 개선 방향
참고문헌
Abstract

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